75-A.] 



ORCINOL 



153 



Erythrin = erythrie acid from Roc- 

 cella montagnei, R. peruensis, and other 

 species ; from Parmelia olivetorum and 

 Aspicilia calcarea (Heeren, Berz. Jahres- 

 ber. 11, 279; Kane, Ann. 39, 25; 

 Schunck, Ann. 61, 64 ; Stenhouse, 

 Ann. 68, 72; Hesse, Ann. 117, 297 ; 

 139, 22 ; Journ. pr. Ch. [2] 57, 232 ; 

 256; 62, 470; Zopf, Ann. 297, 276; 

 303 ; 313, 342 : see also De Luynes, 

 Ann. Chim. [4] 2, 385 ; Menschutkin, 

 Bull. Soc. [2] 2, 424). 



/3-Erythrin from certain forms of 

 Roccella fuciformis contains (through 

 orsellic acid) the orcinol complex (Men- 

 schutkin, loc. cit, ; Lamparter, Ann. 134, 



343); 



Divaricatic acid from Evernia di- 

 varicata, E. prunastri, var. thamnodes, 

 and H&matomma ventosum (Zopf, Ann. 

 297,298; 300,352; 317,137; Hesse, 

 Ber. 3O, 364 ; Journ. pr. Ch. [2] 57, 

 246; 58,465; 62,439; 65,537). 



Diffusin from Platysma diffusum and 

 Parmelia sorediata (Zopf, Ann. 306, 

 282; 313, 317; 317, no). 



Gyrophoric acid from Uinbilicaria 

 (Gyrophora) pnstulata, G. pro&oscidea, 

 G. hirsuta, G. densta, G. vellea, G. poly- 

 P/iytta, G. spodocAroa, var. depressa, Le- 

 canora tartarea (?), Blastema arenaria, 

 var. teicholytum, Parmelia locarnensis, 

 and Lecidea grisella (Stenhouse, Ann. 7O, 

 21 8 ; Zopf, Ann. 300, 332 ; 313, 322 ; 

 326; 317, 1 10; Hesse, Journ. pr. Ch. 

 [2] 58, 475; 62, 462; 466; 472; 

 63, 522). 



Glomelliferin from Parmelia glomelli- 

 fera (Zopf, Ann. 306, 282 ; 321, 37). 



Lecanoric (= parmelic) acid from 

 Lecanora parella, Evernia prunastri, Roc- 

 cella tinctoria, Psora ostreata, Parmelia 

 fuliginosa, var. ferruginascens, P. verru- 

 culifera, P. borreri, P. tiliacea, var. 

 scortea, P. sorediata, P. tinctorum, 

 P. perlata (trace), P. perforata (trace), 

 P. olivetorum, P. tinctorum = coral- 

 loides, P. glabra (= P. olivacea and 

 P.glabra], P. sordida, Urceolaria crefacea, 

 U. scruposa, var. arenaria, Pachnolepia 

 decussata,&i\<\.Pertusaria lactea (Schunck, 

 Ann. 41, 158; 54, 264; Rochleder and 

 Heldt, Ann. 48, 2 ; Stenhouse, Ann. 

 68, 59 ; Zopf, Ann. 295, 278 ; 306, 



34; 3 1 ?; 3 l8 ; 3 J 9; 313,331; 317, 



no; 321, 37; Hesse, Journ. pr. Ch. 

 [2] 57, 264 ; 409 ; 41 1 ; 58, 473 ; 499 ; 

 556 j 62, 451 ; 452 ; 453 > 47^ > 63, 

 533 j 55 ;. 65, 553 : Hesse was unable 

 to find this acid in Lecanora parella, 

 S chaer = Ochrolechia pallescens- y-parella, 

 and suggests that Schunck must have 

 had some other species in hand). 



Patellaric acid from Urceolaria (Pa- 

 tellaria] scruposa (Weigelt, Jahresber. 

 1869, 768: see also Hesse, Journ. pr. 

 Ch. [2] 58, 558; Zopf, Ann. 324, 



39)- 



Ramalic acid from Ramalina polli- 

 naria and many species of Evernia 

 (Hesse, Journ. pr. Ch. [2] 57, 232 ; 

 253 ; Ber. 30, 364 ; Zopf, Ann. 297, 

 306). 



Usnetic = stereocaulic ( = lobaric acid) 

 acid from Usnea barbata, Stereocaulon, 

 alpinum, S. corallo'ides, S.pileatum, Lepra 

 cholerina, Lecanora badia, Parmelia saxa- 

 tilis, var. panniformis, var. pk&otropa, P. 

 aleurites, P. omphalodes (Hesse, Ber. 1O, 

 1326 ; Journ. pr. Ch. [2] 62, 445 ; 

 459 ; Zopf, Ann. 288, 57 ; 295, 271 ; 

 297; 306, 300; 314: see also Sal- 

 kowski, Ann. 319, 391). 



Umbilicaric acid from Gyrophora poly- 

 pJiylla, G. deusta, G. hyperborea (Zopf, 

 Ann. 300, 337; 317, 139; Hesse, 

 Journ. pr. Ch. [2] 63, 545). 



Orcinol can be liberated from the 

 lichen acids which contain the complex by 

 the action of micro-organisms (Czapek, 

 Ch. Centr. 1898, 1, 684, from Centr. 

 Bakter. II, 4, 49). 



The dimethylorcinol complex may be 

 contained in podophyllotoxin from the 

 Indian Podophyllum emodi and the 

 American P. peltatum (Dunstan and 

 Henry, Trans. Ch. Soc. 73, 223). 



SYNTHETICAL PROCESSES. 



[A.] From toluene [54; A, &c.] 

 through p-chlortoluene. The latter on 

 sulphonation gives (with the 2-sulphonic 

 acid) p-chlor-3-sulphonic acid (Vogt and 

 Henninger, Ann. 165, 362; Wynne, 

 Trans. Ch. Soc. 61, 1078), which on 

 fusion with potash yields orcinol among 

 other products (V. and H. loc. cit. 366 ; 

 Bull. Soc. [2] 21, 373). There must 

 be isomeric transformation in this case. 



