156.] 



cl-MANNOSE 



249 



the following are given by Reiss (Ber. 

 22,612): ~&2i\m&ce&(P/iytelephas macro- 

 carpa ; P/icenix dactylifera j Chanuerops 

 humilis Tracliy carpus excelxa; Lodoicea 

 seychellarum ; Ela'isguineensis): Liliacese 

 (Allium cepa ; Asparagus officinalix) : 

 Iridacese (Iris pseudacoms) : Loganiacese 

 (Strychnos nux vomica) : Rubiacese (Coffea 

 arabica). (See also Schulze and Steiger, 

 Ber. 20, 290; Zeit. physiol. Ch. 14, 227; 

 Schulze, Ber. 22, 1 192 ; 23, 2579 ; Zeit. 

 physiol. Ch. 16, 422.) 



The nut of PhytelepJias macrocarpa, 

 used as ' vegetable ivory/ is a particularly 

 rich source of mannan (Reiss, loc. cif. ; 

 Fischer, Ber. 22, 1155; Fischer and 

 Hirschberger, Ibid. 3218). The com- 

 plex carbohydrate from this nut, which 

 gives mannose (and galactose) on hydro- 

 lysis, is a ' mannogalactan ' (Baker and 

 Pope, Proc. Ch. Soc. 16, 72 ; Trans. 

 77, 696). 



The reserve carbohydrates of the 

 seeds of lucern (Medicago saliva) and of 

 Trigonella fcemim-grfcum are manno- 

 galactans (Bourquelot and Herissey, 

 Comp. Rend. 13O, 731). 



The carbohydrate of the albumins of 

 the St. Ignatius bean (Strychnos ignatii) 

 and of S. nux vomica is a mixture of 

 mannan and galactan (Bourquelot and 

 Laurent, Ibid. 1411; 131,276). The 

 reserve carbohydrate of the seeds of 

 Trifolium repens is a mannogalactan 

 (Herissey, Ibid. 130, 1719); also that 

 of the seeds of the American bean, 

 Gleditschia triacanthos (Goret, Ibid. 131, 

 60). 



The carbohydrate obtained by Wrob- 

 lewski (Ber. 31, 1134) from the ' in- 

 vertin ' of yeast may be mannose (Sal- 

 kowski, Zeit. physiol. Ch. 31, 304). 



The Japanese Alga, ' nori ' (Porphyra 

 laciniata), gives d-mannose (with i- 

 galactose) on hydrolysis (Oshima and 

 Tollens, Ber. 34, 1422). 



A reserve carbohydrate found in the 

 bulb of Lilium candidum and L. auratum, 

 and probably in L. bulbiferum, //. cro- 

 ceum, L. dauricum, L. lancifollum, L. 

 longijtorum, and L. martagon, gives 

 mannose on hydrolysis (Parkin, Proc. 

 Cambridge Phil. Soc. 11, 139). 



The seeds of Phcenix canariensis con- 

 tain mannans in sufficient quantity to 



serve as a convenient source of mannose 

 on hydrolysis (Bourquelot and Herissey, 

 Comp. Rend. 133, 644). 



Reserve carbohydrates contained in 

 the seeds of Aucuba j 'aponica and Ruscus 

 aculeatus are mannans (Champenois, 

 Comp. Rend. 133, 885; Dubat, Ibid. 

 942). The endosperm of the germi- 

 nating date contains a mannan (Griiss, 

 Ber. deutsch. bot. Gesell. 20, 36 ; Woch. 

 Brau. 19, 243 ; Ch. Centr. 1 902, 1, 

 1227). Asparagus seeds contain a 

 mannan (Peters, Arch. Pharm. 240, 53) ; 

 so also do the seeds of (Enanthe phel- 

 tandrium (Champenois, Journ. Pharm. 

 15, 228). 



The reserve carbohydrates of the seeds 

 of the Palmaceous plants, Areca catechu, 

 Astrocaryum vulgare, (Enocarpus bacaba, 

 Erytkea edulis, and Metroxylon sagu, con- 

 tain mannans (Lienard, Comp. Rend. 

 135, 593). The presence of mannan in 

 the seeds of Trachycarpus excelsa and 

 of Rohdea japonica, and in the wood of 

 Cryptomeria, has been shown by Kimoto 

 (Bull. Imp. Coll. Agric. Tokio, 5, 253 : 

 see also Reiss as quoted above). 



Mannans have been found in coffee 

 berries and coco and palm nuts (Schulze, 

 Ber. 23, 2582; 24, 2277, &c.); in 

 carob seeds from Ceratonia siliqiia 

 (Effront, Comp. Rend. 125, 38; 116; 

 309 j Van Eckenstein, Ibid. 719 ; Bour- 

 quelot and Herissey, Ibid. 129, 228 ; 

 339; 39 1 ; 6l 4)j (probably) in gum 

 ammoniacum (Frischmuth, Ch. Centr. 

 1898, 1, 36), and in stalks of rye 

 (Ritthausen, Ibid.). 



The carbohydrate ( strophanthobiose 

 methyl ether' resulting from the hy- 

 drolysis of strophanthin contains the 

 mannose complex (Feist, Ber. 33, 2095 : 

 see also under dextrose [154]). 



Mannose-yielding compounds are con- 

 tained in the seeds of Diospyros kaki and 

 in the root of Amorphophallus konjac = 

 rivieri (Loew and Ishii; Loew and 

 Tsuji, as quoted by Tollens, 'Kohlenhy- 

 drate/ II, 229); in ergot of rye (Voswin- 

 kel, Ch. Centr. 1891, 2, 766); in various 

 woods (Weld, Lindsey, and Tollens, Ber. 

 23, 2990; Ann. 267, 341); in ligneous 

 tissue of gymnosperms (Bertrand, Bull. 

 Soc. [3] 7, 468; Comp. Rend. 114, 

 1492; 129, 1025); in cryptogams 



