APPENDIX 



WHILE the foregoing pages were passing through the press several additional 

 syntheses of natural products have been accomplished. In order to make the 

 present volume as complete as possible, these and other recent discoveries bearing 

 upon the synthetical processes dealt with in the text, together with a few 

 corrections, have been included in this appendix. 



CAMPHOR AND TERPENE GROUP. 



175. Camphor; 1 : 7 : 7-Trimethyl- 

 1:2: 2-Bicyclo-2-Heptaiione. 



H 2 C- 



-CH- 



-CH 2 



H,C- 



H 3 C C-CH 3 



-C- 

 CH 3 



-C:O 



NATURAL SOURCES. 



Camphor (d-modification) is obtained 

 from CitDiamomum camptiora = Laurus 

 camphora, which grows in the eastern 

 districts of Central China, in South 

 China, in the Malay Archipelago, in 

 the islands of Formosa and Hainan, 

 and in the S. Japan islands, Kiushiu 

 and Shikoku. 1-Camphor occurs in the 

 oil of Matricaria (Pyrethrum) par- 

 thenium, common feverfew, which is 

 cultivated in Germany (Dessaignes and 

 Chautard, Journ. pr. Ch. 45, 45 ; 

 Chautard, Jahresber. 1863, 555). Oil 

 of tansy, from Tanacetum vulgare, 

 appears also to contain 1-camphor 

 (Schimmel & Co., as quoted by Gilde- 

 meister and Hoffmann, 'Die aetheri- 

 schen Oele/ p. 889 : see also Persoz, 

 Comp. Rend. 13, 436; Ann. 44, 313; 

 Journ. pr. Ch. 25, 55; Vohl, Arch. 

 Pharm. 124, 16). 



Ordinary (d-) camphor has been 

 found also in oil of spike from Lavan- 

 dula spica (Kane, Journ. pr. Ch. 15, 

 163 ; Dumas, Ann. 6, 248 ; Lalle- 

 mand, Ann. 114, 197; Bruylants, 



Journ. Pharm. [4] 30, 139). 

 in oil of 



Its 



occurrence in oil of sage from Salvia 

 officinalis (Muir, Trans. Ch. Soc. 37, 

 678) could not be confirmed by Schim- 

 mel & Co. (Ber. Oct. 1895, p. 40). It 

 occurs in oil of sassafras bark to the 

 extent of 6-8 per cent. (Power and 

 Kleber, Pharm. Rev. 1896 ; Ch. Centr. 

 1 897, 2, 42), in oil of sweet basil from 

 Ocimum lasilicum (Bertram and Wal- 

 baum, Arch. Pharm. 235, 176), and in 

 Siam cardamom oil from Amomum car- 

 damomum (SchimmePs Ber. Oct. 1897; 

 Ch. Centr. 1898, 1, 258). Small 

 quantities have been found also in the 

 oil of cinnamon root, Ceylon (Tromms- 

 dorff, < Handb. d. Pharm/ 1827, p. 666 ; 

 Dumas and Peligot, Ann. 14, 50 ; 

 SchimmePs Ber. Oct. 1892), and in 

 oil of rosemary from Rosmarinus offici- 

 nalis (Lallemand, Ann. 114, 197; 

 Montgolfier, Bull. Soc. [2] 25, 17 ; 

 Bruylants, Journ. Pharm. [4] 29, 508 ; 

 Pharm. Journ. [3] 10, 327 ; Jahresber. 

 1879, 944 ; Haller, Comp. Rend. 108, 

 1308). The camphor from this last 

 source is a mixture of the d- and 1- 

 modifications (Montgolfier, loc. cU.}. 



NOTE : The oil from the leaves of the cam- 

 phor tree has been examined by Schimmel & 

 Co. (Ber. Oct. 1892) and by Hooper (Pharm. 

 Journ. 56, 2 1 ). For determination of camphor 

 in camphor oils see LShr, Ch. Zeit. 25, 292. 

 For the mode of formation of camphor in the 

 plant see Tschirch and Shirasawa, Arch. 

 Pharm. 240, 257. 



