APPENDIX 



277 



The following modes of occurrence and methods of production are supple- 

 mentary to those recorded in the preceding- pages : 



1. Methane (p. 21). 



Methane is among the products of 

 decomposition of egg-meat mixture by 

 Bacillus coli communis (Rettger, Am. 

 Journ. Physiol. 8, 284). A ferment 

 (' pseudosarcine ') which produces meth- 

 ane has been obtained by Maze from 

 dead leaves. According to this author 

 the ferment produces methane from the 

 products formed by the butyric ferments 

 (Comp. Rend. 137, 887). 



To be added to synthetical pro- 

 cesses : 



[D, p. 22.] From ethyl alcohol [14], 

 methane being among the products 

 formed by passing the vapour over 

 heated carbon, aluminium, or magnesium 

 (Ehrenfeld, Journ. pr. Ch. [2] 67, 49, 

 &c.). With aluminium ethylene (see 

 note, p. 23) is also produced. Methane 

 is likewise formed by ' contact ' decom- 

 position of the vapour by finely divided 

 heated copper, nickel, cobalt, and 

 platinum (Sabatier and Senderens, 

 Comp. Rend. 136, 738). 



Ethylene and methane are also formed 

 by the catalytic action of heated alumina 

 or fire-clay on alcohol vapour (Ipatieff, 

 Ber. 36, 1990; 2003). 



[E, p. 24.] Isopropyl alcohol [16] 

 gives methane among the products of 

 decomposition by finely divided heated 

 copper (210) (Sabatier and Senderens, 

 loc. cit. 983). 



[J, p. 24.] Acdone [106] in aqueous 

 solution yields methane (and acetic 

 acid) by photochemical decomposition 

 (Ciamician and Silber, Ber. 36, 1575). 



For the electrolytic preparation of 

 iodoform from acetone see Howe Abbott, 

 Journ. Physical Ch. 1903, pp. 84-91. 



[S, p. 25.] Malonic acid [Vol. II] in 

 glycerol or ethylene glycol gives meth- 

 ane among the products of decomposi- 

 tion on heating in a sealed tube (CE. de 

 Coninck and Raynaud, Comp. Rend. 

 135, 1351). 



[BB, p. 26.] Malic acid [Vol. II] 

 gives methane among other products 

 under the above conditions (Ibid.}. 



[CC, p. 26.] Citric acid [Vol. II] 



when heated in glycerol solution gives 

 methane among other products (Ibid.). 



[II, p. 26.] Tartaric acid [Vol. II] 

 when heated in glycol solution with sul- 

 phuric acid gives methane among other 

 products (Ibid.}. 



[JJ, p. 26.] Camphor [175] gives 

 methane among the products of decom- 

 position by heating with zinc chloride 

 (Montgolfier, Ann. Chim. [5] 14, 87). Or 

 on heating with strong hydriodic acid 

 at 200 methyl iodide is formed among 

 other products (Markownikoff and Gor- 

 benko, Ber. 30, 1216), and this can be 

 converted into methane by reduction, 

 as under C, p. 22. Or on heating at 

 200 with iodine chloride, chlorinated 

 camphor yields among other products 

 carbon tetrachloride (Ruoff, Ber. 9, 

 1048 ; 1483 ; I499),and this can be con- 

 verted into methane as under L, p. 25. 



5. Hentriacoiitane (p. 28). 



A hydrocarbon of the above composi- 

 tion (? normal) has been obtained from 

 the East Indian ko-sam seeds from 

 Srucea sumatrana (Power and Lees, 

 Pharm. Journ. [4] 17, 183). 



6. Cymene (p. 28). 

 To be added to synthetical processes 



(P- 33) : 



[N.] ' Terpinene is readily converted 

 into cymene by the oxidising influence 

 of sulphuric acid ' (Heusler's ' Chemistry 

 of the Terpenes/ Pond, p. 113). 



[O.] From camphor [175] by heating 

 with zinc chloride (?), phosphorus pent- 

 oxide, pentachloride or pentasulphide, 

 or strong hydrochloric acid (Gerhardt, 

 Ann. 48, 234; Dumas and Delalande, 

 Ann. 38, 342; Pott, Ber. 2, 121 ; 

 Fittig, Kb'brich, and Jilke, Ann. 145, 

 129; Wright, Journ. Ch. Soc. 26, 

 686 ; Beckett and Wright, Ibid. 29, i ; 

 Reuter, Ber. 16, 694 ; Armstrong and 

 Miller, Ber. 16, 2259 ; Alexejeff, Journ. 

 Russ. Soc. 12, ] 87 : according to Bredt, 

 Rochussen, and Monheim, Ann. 314, 

 369, carvenone is an intermediate 

 product). 



