APPENDIX 



279 



tose and methyl-d-glucoside, but not 

 cane-sugar or a-methyl-d-fructoside. 

 The enzymes extracted from cultivated 

 Aspergillus niger resolve amygdalin and 

 the 0-d-glucosides, but not lactose or 

 methyl-d-galactosides. Duclaux, Kay- 

 ser, and Adametz's milk-sugar ferment- 

 ing yeasts ferment milk-sugar and 

 /3-methyl-d-galactoside, and give an 

 enzyme which acts on the two galacto- 

 sides (Pottevin, Comp. Rend. 136, 169). 



With respect to ' zymase ' (p. 48) the 

 velocity of decomposition of dextrose 

 and Isevulose by the commercial product 

 has been determined by Herzog, and 

 found to agree with ordinary ( catalytic' 

 actions (Zeit. physiol. Ch. 37, 149)- 

 The velocity of the fermentative de- 

 composition of dextrose by yeast has 

 been determined by Aberson (Rec. Tr. 

 Ch. 22, 78). Further experiments on 

 the fermentative properties of yeast- 

 extract have been made by Meisen- 

 heimer (Zeit. physiol. Ch. 37, 518). 



The ' acclimatisation'' of yeasts (p. 50) 

 to solutions containing sodium fluoride 

 and the fermentation of the must of 

 Indian figs by such yeasts have been 

 investigated by Ulpiani and Sarcoli 

 (Atti Real. Accad. [5] 11, II, 173). 

 The species investigated were S. pa-ito- 

 riaims II and 8. cerevisice. 



The mould, O'idium lactis (p. 50), 

 when grown upon media containing 

 Iffivulose causes alcoholic fermentation 

 of this sugar (Teichert, Milch-Zeit. 31, 

 801 ; Journ. Ch. Soc. 84, II, 229). 

 The butyric ferment, Clostriclium pasto- 

 riamim, from the soil of St. Peters- 

 burg, forms alcohol (small quantity) 

 among the products of fermentation of 

 dextrose in presence of appropriate 

 nitrogenous nourishment (Winograd- 

 sky, Centr. Bakter. II, 9, 4354, 107- 

 112). An organism isolated from milk, 

 Enterococcus, decomposes sugars with 

 the production of alcohol (traces) among 

 other products (Tissier and Gasching, 

 Ann. Inst. Past. 17, 540). Alcohol 

 has been found in milk which has 

 undergone natural curdling (Kozai, 

 Bied. Centr. 32, 273). The bacteria 

 which are capable of decomposing bone 

 produce alcohol when sugar is added 

 to the nutrient solution (Stoklasa, 



Duchacek, and Pitra, Beit. ch. Physiol. 

 u. Path. 3, 322). The bacteria capable 

 of fermenting sugar belong to the type 

 of Bacillus coli communis of Escherich, 

 and produce alcohol from dextrose to 

 the extent of 1-2 to 2-0 per cent, by 

 weight (Konig, Spieckermann, and 

 Olig, Abst. in Journ. Ch. Soc. 84, II, 

 386). Alcohol is a product of glyco- 

 lysis by the minced pancreas, liver, &c., 

 or the juices expressed from these 

 organs (Feinschmidt, Beit. ch. Physiol. 

 u. Path. 4, 511). 



To be added to synthetical pro- 

 cesses : 



[D, p. 54.] Alcohol is among the 

 products of oxidation of ethane by 

 ozone (Bone and Drugman, Proc. Ch. 

 Soc. 20, 127). 



[H, p. 55.] Acetic aldehyde [92], 

 when the vapour mixed with hydrogen 

 is passed over finely divided nickel 

 heated to 140, gives an almost quanti- 

 tative yield of alcohol (Sabatier and 

 Senderens, Comp. Rend. 137, 301). 



[S, p. 56.] The amyl ester of acetic 

 acid gives ethyl alcohol when reduced 

 with sodium in amyl alcohol solution 

 (Bouveault and Blanc, Comp. Rend. 

 137, 60). 



[MM, p. 58.] Isopropyl alcohol [16] 

 gives ethane among other products by 

 the catalytic action of finely divided, 

 reduced copper at aio (Sabatier and 

 Senderens, Comp. Rend. 136, 983). 

 From ethane as under D, p. 54. 



[NN, p. 58.] Glycol [45] gives ethyl 

 iodide on heating with strong aqueous 

 hydriodic acid. From ethyl iodide the 

 alcohol can be obtained by any of the 

 ordinary processes. Or from glycol 

 through glycol chlorhydrin = chlorethyl 

 alcohol (see under n-propyl alcohol [15 ; 

 A, p. 59] and under isopropyl alcohol 

 [16 ; C, p. 66]), the latter giving ethyl 

 alcohol on reduction with sodium amal- 

 gam (Louren90, Ann. 120, 92). 



NOTE : Ethylene is also a direct generator 

 of glycol chlorhydrin [15 ; A, p. 59, and 16 ; 

 C, p. 66]. 



[OO, p. 58.] CampJtor [175] gives 

 methyl iodide (see under methane [l; 

 Appendix, JJ, p. 277]). From the latter 

 through ethane, as under D, p. 54- 



