APPENDIX 



287 



[62, in this appendix, p. 385]. From 

 p-xylene as under A, p. 156. 



79. Isoeugenol (p. 157). 



For occurrence of isoeugenol in ylang- 

 ylang oil see further Schimmel's Ber. 

 April, 1903; Ch. Centr. 1903, 1, 1086. 



81. Methyleugenol Eugeuol 

 Methyl Ether (p. 157). 



This ether has also been found in 

 ylang-ylang oil (Schimmel & Co. as 

 above) and probably in the volatile oil 

 of the bark of Cinnamomum pedati- 

 nervium from Fiji (Goulding, Trans. 

 Ch. Soc. 83, 1097). Has been found 

 also in the essential oil of Calif ornian 

 laurel from Umbellularia californica 

 (Power and Lees, Proc. Ch. Soc. 20, 

 88). 



84. Fyrogallol (p. 159). 



The pyrogallol (gallic acid) complex 

 is contained in glucogallin and tetrarin, 

 two glucotannoids from Chinese rhu- 

 barb (Gilson, Comp. Rend. 136, 385). 



86. Fhloroglucinol (p. 160). 



The phloroglucinol complex appears 

 to be contained in catechin (Clauser, 

 Ber. 36, 101) and in the Japanese dye- 

 stuff, 'fukugi' (A. G. Perkin and 

 Phipps, Trans. Ch. Soc. 85, 60). Kam- 

 pherol, which contains the phloro- 

 glucinol complex (p. 161, ante), has 

 been obtained from the flowers of the 

 blackthorn, Primus spinosa (Ibid. 57). 



87. Antiarol (p. 163). 



To be added to synthetical pro- 

 cesses : 



[A, p. 163.] Pyrogallol can be con- 

 verted into its trimethyl ether by 

 agitating with dimethyl sulphate in 

 presence of alkali (Ullmann, Ann. 327, 

 104). 



90. a-Hydrojuglone (p. 165). 



Syntheses of Naphthalene. 



[A, p. 1 66.] Naphthalene is among 

 the products of decomposition of the 



vapour of ethyl alcohol at 500 (Ber- 

 thelot, 'Traite de Chimie Organique/ 

 1872, p. 164). 



91. Formic Aldehyde (p. 169). 



To be added to synthetical pro- 

 cesses : 



[C, p. 169.] Methyl alcohol gives 

 formic aldehyde on oxidation by ozone 

 (Harries, Ber. 36, 1933). ^ ne vapour 

 of methyl alcohol mixed with air and 

 passed over a platinum spiral gives at 

 200 chiefly methylal ; at a dark red 

 heat formic aldehyde is also produced 

 (Trillat, Bull. Soc. [3] 29, 35: for 

 technical process depending on the 

 oxidation of the alcohol by air in 

 a heated coppered tube see also this 

 author's Germ. Pat. 55176 of 1889; 

 Ber. 24, Ref. 434). 



[D, p. 170.] Methylene iodide from 

 ethyl alcohol via iodoform gives methyl- 

 ene bromide by the action of bromine 

 (Butleroff, Ann. Ill, 251). The brom- 

 ide, on heating with water or with lead 

 oxide and water at 150, gives in the 

 latter case a quantitative yield of 

 formic aldehyde (Kloss, Monats. 24, 



783). 



The conversion of trioxymethylene 

 into the monomolecular aldehyde can 

 be effected by the action of a methyl 

 alcoholic solution of hydrogen chloride 

 on the polymeride in presence of con- 

 densing agents so as to form chlor- 

 methyl methyl ether, C1CH 2 . O . CH 3 . 

 The latter is decomposed by water with 

 the formation of the monomolecular 

 aldehyde ( Wed ekind, Germ. Pat. 135310 

 of 1901; Ch. Centr. 1902, 2, 1164; 

 Pharm. Zeit. 47, 836; Ch. Centr. 1902, 

 2, 1301). 



[EC, p. 171.] For electrolytic prepara- 

 tion of formic aldehyde from sodium 

 acetate in presence of sodium chlorate 

 see also Moest's Germ. Pat. 138442 of 

 1902; Journ. Ch. Soc. 84, I, 546). 



92. Acetic Aldehyde (p. 174). 



The bacteria which cause the decom- 

 position of vegetable foods, and which 

 belong to the type of Bacillus coli 

 communis, produce aldehyde among 



