URINE 353 



PHENTLHYDRAZINE TI:ST. 



This test is carried out as described under carbohydrates, and 

 may be used to distinguish various members of the group. 



OPTICAL ACTIVITY. 



In testing for sugars with the polariscope it must be remem- 

 bered that other substances, such as proteins, etc., may be the 

 cause of any observed rotation. 



Acetone Bodies. 



The term "acetone bodies'* includes acetone, /?-oxybutyric 

 acid and acetoacetic, and this is readily converted into acetone 

 by the loss of C0 2 , so that these acids are never found in the 

 urine unaccompanied by acetone. Acetone may occur, how- 

 ever, when these acids are not present. 



Acetone, if present in large amounts, may be tested for in the 

 urine directly. If only small amounts are present, the urine 

 may be distilled. The acetone will go over in the first few cubic 

 centimeters of distillate. An acetone urine will be supplied 

 containing sufficient acetone to give the tests. 



59. Rothera's Test. Saturate about 10 c.c. of urine with am- 

 monium sulphate. Add 2-3 drops of fresh sodium nitroprusside 

 solution and 2-3 c.c. concentrated ammonia. Mix and allow 

 to stand at least V^ hour. A characteristic permanganate 

 color indicates the presence of acetone. 



60. lodoform Test. Perform the iodoform test with acetone 

 urine. (See under Fermentation.) 



