ACUTE DISEASES OF THE OTCGANS OF RESTITUTION. 203 



411. Distinctive signs of different sorts of Cough. 



Coughs may be divided into seven classes, distinguished as under, 

 namely, 



1st. The Hard dry cough, which arises from dryness of the membrane 

 of the air-passages. It is found in the early stage of inflammatory 

 attacks. 



2nd. The Moist cough, which marks the second stage of an inflamma- 

 tory attack, when the inflamed membrane has again begun to throw out 

 secretions. 



3rd. The Rattling or wheezing cough, which is found when the bron- 

 chial tubes are choked with mucus. 



4th. The Soft suppressed cough, which marks the presence of inflam- 

 mation in the lungs; and a suppressed, but somewhat harder cough, 

 which denotes inflammation in the pleurae. The peculiar suppressed 

 character of these coughs is due to the pain which the act of coughing 

 produces on account of the inflamed state of the lungs or pleura. 



5th. The Chronic cough, which is usually dry and short (except when 

 associated with broken wind or roaring), indicates alteration of structure 

 or confirmed irritability of some portions of the respiratory organs. 



6th. A Short, hollow, weak, asthmatical cough, which is peculiar to 

 broken wind. 



7th. A deep hollow cough, which is frequently found to accompany 

 roaring. 



As the peculiarities of the various classes of cough afford very impor- 

 tant indications as to the nature and seat of the disease existing in the 

 respiratory organs, it is essential to acquire a knowledge of them. This, 

 however, can only be done by much actual practice. 



The treatment which may be required in each case or stage, accord- 

 ing to the cause from which the cough proceeds, will be detailed here- 

 after under the heads of the various diseases affecting the organs of 

 respiration. 



CATARRH OR COMMON COLD. 



412. Nature of Catarrh. 



Catarrh or common cold is acute inflammation of the mucous mem- 

 brane which lines the nostrils and upper air-passages. It is the same 

 affection as that known in the human subject as Cold in the head. It is 

 attended by mucous or muco-purulent discharge from the nostrils, in- 

 creased redness of the Schneiderian membrane, oozing of tears from the 

 corners of the eyes, occasionally by swelling of the glands under the 

 jaws, and a snorting cough with or without perceptible febrile disturb- 

 ance. 



413. Causes. 



Catarrh in adult horses usually arises from some neglect or other in 

 the management of the animal or of the stables, from what, for the sake 



