256 CHAPTER 29. 



times mistaken for Glanders. 530. Many horses destroyed which are not 

 really affected. 531. Disinfection. 532. Conclusion. 



518. Glanders and Farcy. 



Glanders and Farcy are not, as might be supposed, two distinct and 

 separate affections, but are merely modifications of one and the same 

 disease the terms being applied to designate the particular situation of 

 the lesions, and the train of symptoms presented. By Glanders we 

 understand that form of the disease where the lesions and symptoms are 

 connected with the mucous membrane lining the nasal chambers, upper 

 air-passages, the neighbouring lymphatic glands, and the lungs. By 

 Farcy we understand the same condition in the superficial lymphatic 

 vessels. In either case the disease is due to the action of the same 

 specific virus or poison. 



Both forms of disease may exist in the same animal at the same time, 

 or one may supervene on the other. Inoculation with the matter of 

 Glanders or Farcy may produce either the one or other disease in a 

 sound animal. 



519. Causes. 



We cannot account for the origin of specific diseases. In common 

 with other specific diseases, Glanders and Farcy can only be propagated 

 by contagion, infection, or inoculation i. e. in other words, by the re- 

 ception into an animal of the specific virus or poison from one that is 

 diseased. 



Common water-troughs are also probably a frequent cause of this 

 disease. They should be placed under the supervision of the police to 

 ensure careful cleansing in the early morn, for it is from horses in night 

 work that contagion is most to be feared. 



Diseases which are due to contagion or infection are seldom developed 

 to any serious extent where proper sanitary arrangements are enforced, 

 and where the general health of the animals is ensured by good stable 

 management. But where the reverse is the case and the tone of the 

 system becomes lowered, animals readily yield to any communicable 

 infectious or contagious disease which may be prevailing at the time. 



As long as the system is strong and hearty it will often resist malarious 

 and insanitary influences for a length of time ; but sooner or later such 

 causes lower the general health, and then animals become predisposed to 

 any prevailing disease. 



It is not however to be understood that perfect health and condition 

 give absolute immunity from the attack of any specific virus ; but the 

 author wishes to impress on his readers that debilitating influences of 

 any kind will cause animals to be more readily affected. 



Bad ventilation, imperfect drainage, insufficient and unsuitable food, 

 dirt and general neglect in the stable management, coupled with defec- 

 tive conformation, are the principal factors in aiding the development of 

 this predisposition. 



