288 CHAPTER 35. 



the quantity of blood entering the part ; secondly, by restoring the tone 

 of the contractile powers of the vessels, they enable the vessels to pass off 

 some portion of the blood which has entered them. 



Cold applications answer, where the inflammation is not very violent ; 

 and where, in consequence, the contractile powers of the coats of the 

 vessels can be restored. But in severe cases this remedy will be in- 

 effectual. 



Warm applications reduce inflammation by the contrary process. 

 First, they soften and expand the coats of the blood-vessels, and thereby 

 enable them to pass off the blood. Secondly, they give relief by increas- 

 ing the process of effusion through the distended coats of the blood- 

 vessels. Warm applications may be properly applied, when the neces- 

 sary " checking " effect cannot be obtained by cold applications. 



N.B. Warm applications should never be warmer than the hand and 

 arm up to the elbow can bear comfortably. 



570Z. Re-excitement of (curative) Inflammation by artificial means. 



It often happens, however, that the inflammatory action, i. e. the repa- 

 rative process, becomes slack, or even ceases before the repair of the 

 injury is effected. 



Art must then intervene. Stimulants must be applied to re-excite the 

 amount of inflammatory action needed to complete the process of repair. 



According to the circumstances milder or stronger stimulants must be 

 applied. 



570m. Irritants. \ 



For the general action, uses, and mode of application of the Irritants 

 best suited to induce artificial inflammation according to the need of each 

 case, the reader is referred to Chapter 19. 



In the succeeding chapters, which treat of diseases and fractures of 

 bones, of exostoses, of bursal enlargements, of sprains of tendons and 

 ligaments, flesh wounds, &c., the irritants best suited to assist the process 

 of repair in each case will be mentioned in detail. 



CHAPTER 35. 



DISEASES OF BCLNES. 



571. Structure of Bone. 572. Chemical composition of Bone. 573. 

 Nutrition of Bone. 574. Development of Bone. 575. Periosteum. 576. 

 Caries. 577 Treatment of Caries. 578. Necrosis. 579- Exfoliation. 

 580. Inflammation of Bone and Periosteum. 581. Exostoses. 582. Anchy- 

 losis. 583. Treatment. 



