484 CHAPTER 63. 



wards the heels (see Direction No. 7), flat towards the sole, concave 

 towards the ground. 



4. Make the anterior portion, i. e. the toe of the shoe, somewhat square 

 from quarter to quarter, so as to fit and correspond with the shortened 

 toe. 



5. Make five countersunk holes in each shoe, viz. three on the outside 

 and two on the inside. Make the anterior hole on each side in the ante- 

 rior portion of the quarter (not in the toe), just behind where the shoe 

 begins to be squared off in front. In this position it will be just behind 

 the line of greatest wear. Let the second and third nails on the outside 

 evenly divide the remaining distance to the heels. Let the second nail 

 on the inside be exactly opposite the second nail on the outside. 



6. Fit the shoe accurately to the foot. It must be as large as the 

 crust, but no part must project beyond it. The shoe must be as long as 

 the crust at the heels, but not longer. 



7. The web of the shoe must be narrowed at the heels, so that its inner 

 edge may rest on and cover the line of the bars, but no more. 



8. Slope off the heels of the shoe in the same 'direction as the fibres of 

 the crust, so as to prevent the possibility of their catching in the toe of 

 the hind shoe. (Plate 51, fig. 9, B B.) 



9. Select nails which will fit exactly into and completely fill the nail- 

 holes. 



10. Twist off the clenches as short as possible, re-hammer the nail- 

 heads, then turn the clenches down with the hammer, and let the pincers 

 during this time be firmly pressed against the heads of the nails. The 

 clenches must not be filed either before or after turning down, nor is a 

 ledge to be made in the crust to receive them. 



989. Directions for shoeing horses with ordinary Hind feet. 



1. For ordinary Hind feet the pattern of shoe in common use is 

 recommended, but with a clip on each side instead of a single clip at 

 the toe. 



2. The web should be made somewhat wider at the toe than in the 

 other parts, in order to allow space for the thorough sloping off of its 

 inner edge, as recommended under the head of over-reach (Par. 1002). 



3. Six nails, viz. three on each side, are needed to hold a hind shoe 

 securely in its place. From the peculiar action of the hind quarters and 

 the greater length of the hind leg, the hind is more liable to get twisted 

 than the fore shoe ; and, again, it is more apt to be displaced by stamp- 

 ing and kicking. 



4. The other directions given above, as regards lowering the crust, 

 rounding off its inferior edge, accurate fitting, clenching, &c., apply 

 equally to hind as to fore feet. 



989a. What to look for in a newly shod horse. 



1. No mark of the Rasp on the hoof. 



2. That the Nailing is regular, i. e. with equal distance between the 

 clenches, if at least the state of the wall admits of regularity. 



