DETAILS OF SHOEING. 485 



3. That in a fairly normal hoof the nails are brought out the centre 

 nail one inch above the shoe, and the anterior and posterior nails slightly 

 less. Allowance however must be made according to circumstances in 

 very flat and in very upright hoofs. 



4. That the Shoe is not wider than the natural edge of the wall. 



5. That the Feet are the same length i. e. that one has not been 

 lowered more than the other. 



6. That the Nail heads fit accurately into the nail holes or fullering. 



7. That the Sole of the foot is not pared out. 



8. That the Frog has not been pared, unless from unhealthy action it 

 has become ragged. 



9. That the Wall has not been cut into too deep to seat the Clips. 



10. That the Clenches have not been rasped after being turned down. 

 These instructions are for Riding horses and for the lighter class of 



Harness horses. 



Such horses require to be shod " close," as any Projection of the shoes 

 beyond the wall or any Length of the shoes at the heels greater than 

 the heels of the hoof, will render the shoes liable to be pulled up in fast 

 work or in deep ground. 



Heavy Draught horses with their wide fleshy heels and not unfre- 

 quently weak watts to their feet, need the amount of cover afforded by a 

 greater width of shoe and consequent projection both on the sides and at 

 the heels. 



Practically there is no fear of brushing in the heavy breeds, as the legs 

 are by nature placed much further apart than in well-bred horses; and 

 the slower pace of work renders the heels of the shoes of the horse in 

 front less liable to be pulled off by the horse behind. 



Weiylit of shoes. For riding and light draught horses 14 oz. to 1 Ib. is 

 a fair average weight. For heavy draught horses the weight of the shoes 

 will require to be increased according to the side and weight of the 

 horse. In London the weight of the shoes of railway van horses is 

 generally about 2 Ibs. to 2J Ibs. ; whilst in the very large heavy " trolley " 

 horses used in the docks 4 Ibs. is quite common, and 7 Ibs. per shoe is 

 occasionally found. 



990. To shoe a troublesome Horse. 



The chief difficulty generally occurs with the hind feet. I have tried 

 the following plan with success. 



1st. To prevent the possibility of the horse getting loose, put a rope 

 about ten yards long on the ring of the snaffle. The horse may start 

 backwards or forwards, but a rope of the above length will be sufficient 

 to hold him without any undue or violent check. Practically horses do 

 not run backwards or forwards above a few yards. 



.hid. Put a stout, well-padded shank with a strong ring round one 

 fetlock. Attach a long rope to the ring of the shank. 



3rd. Pull up the leg of the foot, which you desire to shoe, from before. 

 The horse will resist this at first and try to get his foot to the ground. 



