xii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



FIG. PAGE 



26. Foot released by Cope's stirrup ..... 49 



27. Scott's stirrup ........ 50 



28. Foot caught on off side . . . . . . 51 



29. Child mounted. ....... 61 



30. Child jumping without reins ..... 63 



31. Foot caught, on account of its having been put into the 



stirrup from the wrong side . . , . , 67 



32. "Head" of a single bridle : a, crown-piece; b t b, 



cheek-pieces ; c, throat-latch ; d, front or brow-band 7 1 



33. Unjointed snaffle 72 



34. Chain snaffle . . . " . . . . 72 



35. Ordinary snaffle with cheeks . . , . . 72 



36. Nutcracker action of jointed snaffle on horse's mouth 73 



37. Action of unjointed snaffle on horse's mouth . . 73 



38. Action of a curb as a lever 73 



39. Properly constructed curb for ordinary hunter. Side 



view ......... 74 



40. Ward Union curb bridle with half-moon snaffle . *!% 75 



41. Curb chain covered with india-rubber tube . . 76 



42. Chin-strap unbuckled . ..-..;. . . 76 



43. Chin-strap buckled ....... 76 



44. Curb reversed by horse throwing up his head, in the 



absence of a chin-strap . . . . . 77 



45. Cavasson nose-band 79 



46. Standing martingale attached to rings of the snaffle . 80 



47. Lord Lonsdale's registered running martingale . . 81 



48. Maximum length of standing martingale . . - 83 



49. Side view of horse's lower jaw . -~ '. .,.'.;, . 85 



50. Angle made by the cheeks of a curb, when the reins 



are taken up > . . . . . . 86 



51. View of under-surface of lower jaw . . . . 87 



52. The Hayes' Safety Skirt open for mounting . 91 



53. Off side of the Hayes' Safety Skirt ... 93 



54. The Hayes' Safety Skirt closed for walking . . 95 



