MARTINGALES. 83 



puller, and is invaluable for controlling and guiding a 

 " green " animal. 



It is a common idea that the chief use of a running 

 martingale is to prevent a horse raising his head too 

 high. We find, however, that when our best flat race 

 and steeplechase jockeys and other good horsemen ride 



Fig. 48. Maximum length of Standing Martingale. 



with this martingale, they almost invariably have it so 

 long, that it has little or no effect in keeping the head 

 down. When a horse is prevented from raising his 

 head too high by a standing martingale attached to the 

 rings of the snaffle, he is punished by the tension of 

 the martingale being transmitted to the mouth-piece of 

 the snaffle, if he tries to get his head in the air ; but 



