68 



THE SKELETON OF THE HORSE. 



nantia, 01 rw/Wnan/s, from the food being returned from one of the stomachs (foi die} 

 have four), called the rumen or paunch, for the purpose of remastication. 



The ungulata that do not ruminate are, somewhat improperly, called pachydermata^ 

 from the thickness of their skins. The horse does not ruminate, and therefore belongs 

 to the order pachydei mata. 



The pachydermata, who have only one toe, belong to the family solipeda single* 

 footed. Therefore, the horse ranks under the division vertebrata the class mammalia 

 the tribe ungulata the order pachydermata and the family solipeda. 



The eolipeda consist of several species, as the horse, the ass, the mule, and th 

 quagga. 



First stands the EQUUS CABALLUS, or COMMON HORSE. 



Animals are likewise distinguished according to the number, description, and situa 

 tion of their teeth. The horse has six 'ncisors or cutting teeth in the front of each 

 jaw ; and one canine tooth or tusk. 



On each side, above and below at some distance from the incisors, and behind the 

 canines, and with some intervening space are six molar teeth, or grinders ; and these 

 molar teeth have flat crowns, with ridges of enamel, and that enamel penetrating into 

 the substance of the tooth. 



The whole is thus represented by natural historians : 



HORSE. Incisors -, canines - -, molar - . Total, forty teeth. 

 6 11 66 



To this short chapter we may properly append THE SKELETON OF THE HORSE. 



A The Head. 



a The posterior maxillary or under jaw. 



b The superior maxillary or upper jaw. A little lower down than the letter is a foramen 



through which pass the nerves and blood-vessels which chiefly supply the lowe 



part of the face. 



e The orbit, or cavity containing the eye. 

 d The nasal bones, or bones of the nose 

 * The suture dividing the parietal bones below from the occipital bones above. 



