NASAL POLYPUS. 



The maxillary gland (gland of the lower jaw) with its du.it. 

 I The jugular (neck) vein, after the two branches have united. 

 tt At this letter, the submaxillary artery, a branch of the jugular, and the parotid duct, pwj 



under and wiihin me angle of the lower jaw ; they come out again at to, and climb xiy 



the cheek to be distributed over the face. 

 a The vein and artery, passing under the zygomatic arch. 

 x A branch of the fifth pair, the sensitive nerve of the face, emerging from under the parotid 



gland. 

 y The main branch of the portio dura (hard portion) of the seventh pair, the motor (moving) 



nerve of the face coming out from beneath the parotid gland, to spread over the face. 

 c Branches of both nerves, with small blood-vessels. 



There are also four distinct cartilages attached to the nostrils, which, by their 

 elasticity, bring back the nostrils to their former dimensions, as soon as the muscles 

 cease to act. The bones of the nose (a a, p. 70, and p. 72) are also sharpened off to 

 a point, to give wider range for the action of the muscles ; while the cartilages are 

 so contrived, as not only to discharge the office we have mentioned, but to protect 

 this projection of bone from injury. 



There are two circumstances, which, more than any others, will enable the veteri- 

 nary surgeon, and the owner of a horse, accurately to judge of the character and 

 degree of many diseases, and to which very few persons pay sufficient attention ; 

 these are the pulse, of which we shall presently speak, and the colour of the mem- 

 brane of the nose. It is the custom of most veterinary surgeons and horsemen to lift 

 the upper eyelid, and to form their opinion by the colour which its lining presents. 

 If it is very red, there is considerable fever ; if it is of a pale pinkish hue, there is 

 little danger. The nose, however, is more easily got at; the surface presented to 

 the view is more extensive ; its sympathy with almost all the important organs is 

 greater ; and the changes produced by disease are more striking and more conclu- 

 sive. Let tiie reader nrsi make himself well acquainted with the uniform pale pint 

 appearance ot mat "onion of the membrane which covers the lower part of the car- 

 tilaginous partition between the nostrils, when the horse is in health and quiet ; then 

 the increased blush <*? rad. betokening some excitement of the system the streaked 

 appearance of inflammation commenced, and threatening to increase the intense 

 florid red, of acute inflammation the pale ground with patches of vivid red, showing 

 the half-subdued, but still existing fever the uniform colour, although somewhat 

 redder than natural, predicting a return to healthy circulation the paleness approach- 

 ing to white, marking the stage of debility, and sometimes intermingled with radia- 

 tions of crimson, inducing the suspicion of lurking mischief; and the dark livid 

 colour of approaching stagnation of the vital current. These, with all their shades 

 of difference, will be the guides to his opinion and treatment, which every one, who 

 has studied them, will highly appreciate. 



NASAL POLYPUS. 



By the polypus, is meant an excrescence or tumour, varying in size, structure, ana 

 consistence, and attached by a pedicle to a mucous surface. The true polypus is 

 attached to mucous membranes, and is usually found in the nostrils, the pharynx, the 

 uterus, or the vagina. Tumours have been seen hanging loose in the veins and ven- 

 tricles of the heart ; and in the larger blood-vessels there have been accumulations of 

 the fibrine of the blood, with peduncular attachments. 



The nasal polypus usually adheres to some portion of the superior turbinated bone, 

 or it has come from some of the sinuses connected with that cavity. It escaped, 

 while small, through the valvular opening under the superior turbinated bone, into the 

 cavity of the nose, and there attained its full growth. 



No better account, however, can be given of the cause of their appearance, than 

 that of tumours in other parts of the body. They evidently have a constitutiona. 

 origin: thsy are frequently hereditary, and the animal in which they have one* 

 appeared, is subject to a return of them. 



By some means, probably the increasing weight of the tumour, and being in a 

 dependent situation, the polypus is gradually detached from it base, and forces with 

 It the soft and easily distf nsible membrane of the nose. As it continues to desct nd, 

 tW' portion of membrane is farther elongated, and forms the fedicle or loot of tne 



