J2g OZENA. 



not be controlled, and will terminate in glanders. Turning into a salt marsh wil) 

 occasionally effect a cure, when both the mineral and the vegetable tonics have 

 tailed. 



OZENA. 



OZENA is uloeration of the membrane of the nose, not always or often visible, but 

 recognised by the discharge of muco-purulent matter, and the peculiar foetor from 

 which the disease derives its name. It resembles glanders, in being confined, in most 

 instances, to one nostril, and the submaxillary gland on the same sicte being enlarged; 

 but differs from it in the gland not being adherent, and the discharge, from its earliest 

 stage, being purulent and stinking. 



There is sometimes a foetid discharge from the nostril, in consequence of inflamma- 

 tion of the lungs, or produced by some of the sequelae of pheumonia ; distinguished, 

 however, from ozena, by its usually flowing irregularly, being coughed up in great 

 quantities, more decidedly purulent, and the gland or glands seldom affected. The 

 discharge from ozena is constant, muco-purulent, and attended by enlargement of the 

 glands. It is of immense consequence that we should be enabled to distinguish the 

 one from the other ; for while ozena may, sometimes at least, be manageable, the 

 other is too frequently the precursor of death. 



The cause of ozena cannot always be discovered. Chronic inflammation of the 

 membrane may assume another and malignant character. In severe catarrh, the 

 membrane may become abraded, and the abrasions may degenerate into foul and foetid 

 ulcers. It is not an unfrequent consequence of epidemic catarrh. It has been pro- 

 ductd by caustic applications to the lining membrane of the nose. It has followed 

 haemorrhage, spontaneous, or the consequence of injury. 



In some cases, and those as obstinate as any, it cannot perhaps be traced to any 

 probable cause, and the health of the animal has not appeared to be in the slightest 

 degree affected. 



The membrane of the nose is highly sensitive and irritable, and an ulcer, in what- 

 ever way forme J on it, does not readily heal. It often runs on to gangrene, and 

 destroys not only the membrane, but the bone beneath, and even the. cartilaginous 

 septum. This is rarely the case in glanders ; and the ravages of the chancrous ulcer* 

 are usually confined to the membrane. The ulceration proceeds to a certain point- 

 its progress is then arrested, usually by nature alone the discharge gradually lessens 

 it loses its offensive character, and at length ceases. 



Local applications are seldom available in the treatment of this disease ; for we 

 know not the situation of the ulcer ; and if we did, we probably could not get at it. 

 Some have recommended setons. Where are they to be applied * If the seat of 

 ulceration is unknown, the seton may only give useless pain. Several post-mortem 

 examinations have shown that the frontal sinuses are a frequent seat of the disease. 

 Yet what injection could we use ? An emollient one would be thrown away. A 

 stimulating injection might convert ozena into glanders. Other examinations havo 

 shown that the superior portion of the central meatus was diseased. What instru- 

 ment can be contrived to reach that 1 Internal medicines are almost thrown away in 

 this complaint : yet something, perhaps, may be done under the form of a local appli- 

 cation. The discarded nose-bag (undervalued at least by too many practitioners) 

 will afford the means of employing an emollient fomentation. The steam from a 

 bran-mash, scalding hot, will probably reach every part of the nasal cavity, and so 

 afford some chance of being beneficially applied to the ulcer. It will, at least, 

 thoroughly cleanse the part. By means of the nose-bag and the warm mash, the 

 chloride of lime may be introduced into the cavity; not only combining with the 

 extricated gases, and removing the fcetor, but arresting the tendency to decomposition. 

 Then there is a digestive a gentle stimulus to abraded and ulcerated surfaces, 

 rousing them to healthy action, and without too much irritating them turpentine. 

 This may be applied in the form of vapour, and, in the best of all ways, by using 

 the fresh yellow deal shavings instead of bran. This digestive may be brouo-ht intc 

 contact with every part of the Schneiderian membrane, and has been serviceable. 



There is another resource, and one that bids fairer to be successful than any othei 

 with which we are acquainted the spring grass. It is the finest alterathre, depur* 



