136 ANATOMY AND DISEASES OF THE NOSE AND MOUTH. 



pulling down the racks and mangers, or even the stable itself, as some have don* 

 The poison resides not in the breath of the animal, but in the nasal discharge, and 

 that can only reach certain parts of the stable. If the mangers, and racks, and bales, 

 and partitions, are first well scraped, and scouied with soap and water, and then 

 thoroughly washed with a solution of the chloride of lime, (one pint of the chloride 

 to a pailfull of water,) and the walls are lime-washed, and the head-gear burned, and 

 the clothing baked or washed, and the pails newly painted, and the iron-work exposed 

 to a red heat, all danger will cease. 



Little that is satisfactory can be said of the prevention of glanders. 



The first and most effectual mode of prevention will be to keep the stables cool and 

 well ventilated, for the hot and poisoned air of low and confined stables is one of the 

 most prevalent causes of glanders. 



Next to ventilation stands cleanliness ; for the foul air from the fermenting litter, 

 and urine, and dung, must not only be highly injurious to health generally, but irritate 

 and predispose to inflammation that delicate membrane which is the primary seat of 

 the disease. If to this be added regular exercise, and occasional green meat during 

 the summer, and carrots in the winter, we shall have stated all that can be done in 

 the way of prevention. 



Glanders in the human being. It cannot be too often repeated, that a pandered 

 horse can rarely remain among sound ones without serious mischief ensuing ; and, 

 worse than all, the man who attends on that horse is in danger. The cases are now 

 becoming far too numerous in which the groom or the veterinary surgeon attending 

 on glandered horses becomes infected, and in the majority of cases dies. It is, how- 

 ever, somewhat more manageable in the human being than in the quadruped. Some 

 cases of recovery from farcy and glanders stand on record with regard to the human 

 being, but they are few and far between. 



FARCY. 



Farcy is intimately connected with glanders; they will run into each other, or 

 their symptoms will mingle together, and before either arrives at its fatal termination 

 its associate will almost invariably appear. An animal inocculated with the matter 

 of farcy will often be afflicted with glanders, while the matter of glanders will fre- 

 quently produce farcy. They are different types or stages of the same disease. 

 There is, however, a very material difference in their symptoms and progress, and 

 this most important one of all, that while glanders are generally incurable, farcy, in 

 its early stage and mild form, may be successfully treated. 



While the capillary vessels of the arteries are everywhere employed in building up 

 the frame, the absorbents are no less diligently at work in selecting and carrying 

 away every useless or worn-out portion or part of it. There is no surface there is 

 no assignable spot on which thousands of these little mouths do not open. In the 

 discharge of their duty, they not only remove that which is become useless, and often 

 that which is healthy, but that which is poisonous and destructive. They open upon 

 the surface of every glanderous chancre. They absorb a portion of the virus which 

 is secreted by the ulcer, and as it passes along these little tubes, they suffer from its 

 acrimonious quality ; hence the corded veins, as they are called by the farrier, or, 

 more properly, the thickened and inflamed absorbents following the course of the 

 veins. 



At certain distances in the course of the absorbents are loose duplicatures of the 

 lining membrane, which are pressed against the side of the vessel and permit the 

 fluid to pass in a direction towards the chest, but belly out and impede or arrest it, 

 progress from the chest. The virus at these places, and the additional inflammation 

 there excited, is to a greater or less degree evident to the eye and to the feeling. 

 They are usually first observed about the lips, the nose, the neck, and the thighs. 

 They are very hard even of a scirrhous hardness, more or less tender, and with 

 perceptible heat about them. 



The poisonoi 5 matter being thus confined and pressing on the part, suppuration 

 and ulceration ensue. The ulcers have the same character as the glanderous ones on 

 the membrane of the nose. They are rounded, with an elevated edge and a pale 

 4urfae. Tuey arr <rue changes, and they discharge a vims as infectious 1 and a 



