THE ORCHARD. 



33 



rows. A large number or series of the two pins may be set successively 

 by the board, so that a number of workmen may be digging and planting 

 at the same time. It is of no importance in what direction the board is 

 placed, as the pin and tree will occupy the same spot." 



In addition to marking out with the plow, as already described, when 

 everything is in readiness for planting, the work may be hastened and 

 made effective by running a sub-soil plow along the furrows. This not 

 only serves to excavate the ground for the reception of the trees, but it 

 combines in a measure the advantages of trenching, with deep stirring 

 and pulverizing of the sub-soil. It is practiced by some of our most sue- 



A badly planted tree 



A well planted tree. 



cessful orchardists, and among them David Brothers, of Jefferson 

 County, Colorado, and is especially to be commended in all sections 

 subject to scarcity of moisture or of water for irrigating purposes. If the 

 soil is not of the best, this preparation may be advantageously followed 

 by filling in the bottom of the trench with a few inches of well-rotted 

 manure, over which a covering of top soil should be placed before setting 

 the trees. But whether manure is applied in this way or not, the deep 

 furrow will have to be filled up to the proper depth for planting, as of 

 course the bottom of the trench would be too deep for young trees. After 

 this preparatory work the planting can be readily accomplished. In 



