MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES USED IN HORTICULTURE. 115 



which a screw-cap is fitted for introducing the dust or the tobacco to 

 be burnt. It is evident that the air which enters through the valves by 

 the upstroke of the bellows, raises the dust or smoke in the interior, 

 which is ejected by the down-stroke ; and, by repetition, all the 

 powder introduced, or the whole of the smoke produced by the igni- 

 tion of the tobacco-leaves, will be thrown out. The best contrivances 

 for distributing sulphur are the very simple distributors made of a ball 

 of iudia-rubber with a nozzle, which unscrews and permits the supply 

 to be replenished. 



In the ' Encyclopaedia of Gardening' will be found described 

 various machines for transporting large boxes or tubs containing 

 plants, such as orange -trees ; machines for transporting and for trans- 

 planting large trees, for regulating temperature, for entrapping or 

 detecting the enemies of gardens, and for some other purposes ; but 

 lew of these are adapted for the present work. It may be stated here, 

 that the principle of all the best machines for transporting plants in 

 large boxes or tubs, or transplanting large trees with balls to their 

 roots, is the same viz., two windlass axles are supported on four 

 props, which rise out of two horizontal beams, and the box or tree 

 being raised by means of the windlasses, is retained in that position 

 till it is conveyed to its destination, either by means of two horizontal 

 beams, by manual labour, as if they were the levers of a hand-barrow ; 

 or by placing wheels under them, in the manner of a cart or waggon. 

 Mr. Barron, of the Borrowwash Nurseries, near Derby, is the inventor 

 of an excellent transplanting machine, by which he has moved trees of 

 almost any size hundreds of miles with unfailing success. The 

 French have had much experience in the removal of trees, and under- 

 stand it well ; their best machines are described and illustrated in the 

 ' Parks, Promenades, and Gardens of Paris.' A good machine of this 

 kind for removing orange-trees in boxes, was that used at St. Mar- 

 garet's, near London, and described in the ' Gardener's Magazine,' 

 vol. x. p. 136. From the description of this machine it is obvious that 

 it will answer either for transporting trees in boxes, or trees or shrubs 

 with large balls ; though, to convey the latter to any distance over 

 rough roads, larger wheels would be requisite than those which belong 

 to the machine referred to. 



Miscellaneous Articles used in Horticulture. 



In complete gardens, containing all the varieties of plant-structures, 

 a number of articles are required for the purposes of cu tivation and 

 high keeping which can neither be classed as implements nor struc- 

 tures. Even in the smallest gardens, mats for protection, props for 

 support, nails and ties for fastenings, and tallies for naming and number- 

 ing plants, are essential. 



Bast mats, woven from ribands or strands of the inner bark of the 

 lime and other trees, and imported from the Baltic and the West Indies, 

 are in general use, both to protect from the cold by counteracting radia- 

 tion, and to shade from the sun. Canvas, bunting, and netting of dif- 



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