WA LLS, ESP A LIER-RA US, A ND TRELLIS- WORK. 1 4 7 



for the flued walls made of any convenient width. To prevent the 

 risk of overheating the trees by the flues, trellises are sometimes 

 applied against them for training on ; but where the wall is properly 

 constructed, and only moderate fires kept, they are unnecessary. 

 Flued walls may now, however, be almost considered things of the 

 past, as they are, to a great extent, supplanted by the orchard-house. 



Conservative or flued walls for growing half-hardy or green- 

 house shrubs require a somewhat different arrangement from those in- 

 tended for fruit trees ; chiefly because in the former case it is necessary, 

 in order to preserve the plants through the autumn and winter, to keep 

 the border from perpendicular rains, at least to the width of three or 

 four feet. For this purpose a temporary roofing is made to project over 

 the border, immediately from under the fixed coping. This temporary 

 roofing may be formed of hurdles thatched with straw, or reeds fixed 

 by hooks close below the coping of the wall, and resting on a front 

 rail, supported by posts at regular distances. The posts may either be 

 poles with the bark on let into the ground, or prepared from sawn 

 timber and let into fixed stone bases. The straw on the hurdles should 

 be disposed lengthways in the direction of the slope, in order to throw 

 off the rain ; and the eaves ought to drop on a broad gutter of boards 

 or tiles, or in a firm path from which the water may be carried off in 

 drains, so as not to moisten that part of the border which is under the 

 hurdles. The border should be thoroughly drained, and an under- 

 ground four-inch wall may be built at the same distance from the wall 

 as the bases to the posts, on which wall these bases may be placed. In 

 order to enjoy the full advantage of flues to a conservatory wall, glass 

 frames should be used during the autumn, instead of thatched hurdles, 

 so as to admit the light at the same time that rain was excluded ; and 

 afterwards the glass might be covered so as to retain heat, or thatched 

 hurdles might be substituted. 



A protected trellis, with moveable glass sashes, for ripening early 

 fruit, has been long in use at Hylioids, Bulstrode, and Strathfieldsaye, 

 having been originally imported from Holland. (See * Gard. Mag.,' 

 vol. ix. p. 675.) Some of these protected trellises are double, with 

 reeds in the centre, so as to form a kind of wall. One erected at 

 Hy lauds, in Essex, the plan of which is shown in fig. 118, and the section 



Fig. 118. 



Plan of a reed watt. 



in fig. 119, may be described as ten feet high, and consisting of a double 

 trellis, a, 6, composed of horizontal laths about eight inches apart ; a 

 coping-board, c, nine inches broad ; the reeds placed endwise within 

 the trellis, rf, and supported about a foot from the ground to keep them 

 from rotting ; this interval of a foot being filled up with slates, placed 

 on edge, e. The trellis rods are nailed to posts, fig. 118,/, and by 



L2 



