GRAFTING BY DETACHED SCIONS. 



253 



covered with moss. When the stock is an inch or more in diameter, 

 three or more scions are frequently put on at equal distances from 



Fig. 202. 



Rind-grafting. 



Splitting-knife and opening-pick for using in cleft-grafting. 



each other round the circumference, and this is called crown-grafting. 

 Cleft-grafting with one scion is in general not a good mode, because 

 if the split has been made right through the stock, 

 it is in danger of being injured by the weather before 

 it is covered with wood by the scion. If the cleft is 

 made only on one side of the stock, the evil is miti- 

 gated ; but there still remains the tendency of the 

 scion in its growth to protrude the wood all on 

 one side. In crown-grafting headed-down old 

 trees, the scion is generally chosen of two-years 

 old wood, and it is sometimes inserted between the 

 inner bark and the alburnum, as in what is called 

 rind-grafting (fig. 203). In rind-grafting, great 

 care must be taken to open the bark of the stock 

 without bruising it, which is done by the spatula- 

 end of the grafting-knife. The scion is prepared 

 without a tongue, and inserted so that its wood may 

 be in contact with the alburnum of the stock. As in this case both edges 

 of the alburnum of the scion come in close contact with the alburnum of 

 the stock, the chances of success, other circumstances being alike, are 

 increased. In cases of this kind also, a longitudinal notch is some- 

 times cut out, instead of a slit, and the scion cut to correspond. 

 Sometimes also the scion is prepared with a shoulder, more especially 

 when it consists of two-years old wood, and this mode is 

 called shoulder-grafting. 



Cleft-grafting the vine is shown in fig. 204, in which 

 a is a bud on the scion, and b one on the stock, both in 

 the most favourable positions for success. The graft is 

 tied and clayed in the usual manner, excepting that only 

 a small hole is left in the clay opposite the eye of the 

 scion, for its development. In grafting the vine in this 

 manner, when the bud, , on the stock is developed, it is 

 allowed to grow for ten or fourteen days, after which 

 it is cut off; leaving only one bud and one leaf near 

 its base to draw up sap to the scion till it be fairly united 

 to the stock. The time of grafting is when the stock is ci e ft-m>aftinq 

 about to break into leaf, or when it has made shoots the vine. 



