TRAINING. 



323 



it than will produce shoots, as at b. The first summer the produce in 

 shoots will be as at fig. 274, c ; and if before Midsummer the leading 

 shoot be shortened as at d, it will probably throw out side shoots the 

 same season, as at e. At the winter pruning all the side shoots may 



Fig. 273. 



Fig. 274. 



Spurring-in, first 

 and second stage. 



Spurring-in, progressive stages. 



Fig. 275. 



Fig. 276. 



be shortened to two or three buds, and the leading shoot to such a 

 number as it is believed will be developed. The tree will then appear 



as at /; and the pro- 

 cess of shortening is 



to be repeated every 



year till the tree has 



the appearance of fig. 



275 ; or until it has 



attained the height 



required, or which 



the kind of tree is 



calculated to attain. 

 Conical Standards, 



or, as they are erro- 

 s|. ' neously called, pyra- 



midal standards, may 



be produced from trees 



partially spurred-in ; 



but the most general 



mode is to cut in the 



side branches, as 



shown in fig. 276, 



which represents seve- 

 ral successive stages ; 

 while fig. 278 shows the tree brought 

 to its regular shape ; and fig. 279, 

 the same tree with the branches of the current year tied down in the 

 quenouille manner. The best example of this mode of training, which 

 we have seen in England, was in the Horticultural Society's garden in 

 1830 ; and in France, in the Koyal Kitchen Garden at Versailles, in 

 1840. There were in the latter garden, in that year, two hundred 



T 2 



Spurring-in 

 completed. 



Quenouille training, progressive 

 stages. 



