TRAINING. 



325 



Fi 280 



Fig. 281. 



twelve feet before the branches were bent down ; but the effect of this 

 was to cover the shoots with blossom-buds, and to produce most extra- 

 ordinary crops. From the experience of French gardeners, it would 

 appear that trees trained in the conical manner and en quenouille do 

 not ^ ast longer than ten or twelve 

 years. Copper wire is used for tying 

 down the branches, and the lower 

 ends of the wires are attached to the 

 stouter branches, to the main stem, 

 to hooked pegs stuck in the ground, 

 or to a wooden frame fixed a few 

 inches above its surface. 



Hayward's Quenouille Training. 

 Take a plant with four or five strong 

 shoots of three feet or four feet long, on 

 a stem of four feet or more high (fig. 

 280) ; let a small hoop be bent round Hayward's que- 

 the bottom of the trunk, and all the 

 branches brought regularly down and 

 fixed to it, as in fig. 281. Several of the uppermost 

 ffayward's que- buds on the base of each branch will probably throw 

 fintsfa ^ out stron g W00(i shoots, one of them, that is placed 

 in the best situation to admit of being bent down to 

 supply the place of the parent branch when worn out, should be 

 selected, and all the rest rubbed off close ; and as the shoot that is 

 left will grow large and strong, in order that it may be better adapted 

 for bending, it should, as soon as it is 

 five inches or six inches long, be 

 brought gently down and affixed to 

 the old branch, as in fig. 282, a, a, 

 marking the young shoot which has 

 been tied down. Trained in this 

 manner, whenever it may be found 

 necessary to cut out the old branches, 

 these, by a half- twist, may be brought 

 down without danger of breaking, and 

 the bend will be less abrupt and un- 

 sightly. By the same rules, trees may 

 be trained in the same manner, with 

 two or more tiers, as in fig. 283. 



T he s of this mode of training 



cessional shoots, depends upon due attention being 

 paid to the disbudding or rubbing off 

 useless shoots in the spring, and taking due care of 

 those which are intended either to carry on and 

 extend the tree, or to succeed and occupy the place of 

 the old bearers. It, however, requires great attention, ffayward's double 

 and is almost too formal to be generally adopted. quenouille train- 



Fan-training is chiefly adapted for trees trained in ff- 



Fig. 282. 



Fig. 283. 



