326 TRAINING. 



against walls, and more especially for the peach, apricot, nectarine, plum, 

 and cherry. There are several modifications of the fan form, and five 

 different varieties may be pointed out. The first is the equal fan, in 

 which there are a number of main branches all radiating from the graft 

 of the tree ; in the case of dwarfs, all the branches radiate from the hori- 

 zontal line upwards, but in the case of standards against walls, or what 

 in Scotland are called riders, they radiate downwards as well as 

 upwards ; and this forms the second, or what is called the stellate-fan 

 manner of training. The third mode is called the open fan, or the 

 Montreuil training, in which there are two main branches laid into the 

 right and left of the centre, at an angle of 45, and the wall is covered 

 by subordinate branches from these and their laterals. The great 

 advantage of this mode of training is, that whenever the wall gets 

 naked below, it can be covered by bringing down the two main 

 branches and their subordinates. An improvement on this mode of 

 training as applied to the peach-tree was made by Dumoutier, and is 

 described by Lelieur, in his ' Pomone Frangoise ;' another, by Sieulle (a 

 cultivator at Montreuil, to whom we were introduced, in 1819, by 

 M. Thouin), is described in Neill's ' Horticultural Tour,' and in the 

 first edition of our ' Encyclopaedia of Gardening;' and a third improve- 

 ment has been recently made in the Montreuil training, by F. Malot, 

 a cultivator at Montreuil, which consists in first covering the lower 

 part of the wall, by preventing any shoots from being produced from 

 the upper sides of the two main branches till the part of the wall 

 below them is covered. This mode is described in the ' Annales 

 d'Horticulture de Paris' for 1841, and in the Bon Jardinier' for 1842. 

 A fourth mode of fan-training, is what is called Seymour's, which, on 

 principle, appears to be the most perfect of all modes of training, and 

 to which the nearest approach made by the French gardeners is that 

 called the " Palmette a la Dumoutier," alluded to above. A fifth mode 

 is the curvilinear fan-training of Mr. Hayward, which is good in 

 principle, but which has not yet been much adopted, notwithstanding 

 some excellent points which it exhibits. If we describe the common 

 English mode of fan-training, Seymour's mode, and Hayward's mode, 

 the other variations will be readily understood. In fact, there can be 

 no difficulty with any mode of training, provided the operator possesses 

 beforehand a clear conception of the form to be produced, and bears in 

 mind the function of buds, and the influence of elevation and de- 

 pression on their development. 



,-,. OQ . Fan-training Fig. 285. 



F *' 2M - in the com- 



mon English 

 Manner. The 

 maiden plant is 



to be headed 



Fan-trammg, first down fo foup 

 stage. , T . 



eyes, placed in 



such a manner as to throw out two Fan-training^second stage. 

 snoots on each side, as shown in fig. 284. 



