TRAINING. 



335 



Fig. 302. 



Wavy -training, completed. 



tree where young wood is not wanted." (Hayward, * On the Fruitful- 

 ness and Barrenness of Plants and Trees, &c.,' 1834). Moreover, our 

 own experience from the observations which we have made on some trees 

 trained in this manner enables us to suggest, that a sufficient number 

 of shoots and 

 leaves should 

 be left on the 

 main stems, to 

 strengthen them 

 and the roots. 

 This is an ap- 

 proximation to 

 the "Palmetto 

 Verrier " of the 

 French. (See 

 M. Dubreuil's 

 book. The 



stems, when 

 bared of cover- 

 ing leaves, are 

 also liable to be 

 scorched by the 

 rays of the sun, 

 unless they are 



protected, either by a covering or screen of some kind, or by training 

 down some of the shoots, so that the foliage may overhang them. 



Wavy fan-training with a single stem will readily be understood. 

 On planting, if the stem is without branches, cut it back to three buds ; 

 but if it has already three shoots, shorten the centre one to nine inches 

 or a foot, according to the kind 

 of tree, and leave only three buds 

 at its upper extremity, laying in 

 the side shoots as in fig. 303. In 

 like manner after next year's 

 growth, shorten the centre shoot, 

 and lay in the two side shoots as 

 before, and proceed in this manner 

 till the wall is filled, or till the tree 

 has the appearance of fig. 304. It is 

 necessary to observe, with reference to this figure, that the length of 

 stem - is for the purpose of admitting a single shoot of a vine, to be 

 trained horizontally below it. In wavy fan-training with a single 

 stem which is short, Mr. Hayward observes, " It will be difficult to 

 prevent the horizontal branches near the centre of the tree from 

 becoming naked of bearing wood, because the sap cannot pass through 

 a sufficient space of bark to prepare it for fructification, until it is a great 

 distance from the trunk. But this defect may in a great measure be 

 remedied, if, instead of being cut back to make it throw out branches 

 from a short stem to form the tree, a stem of four or five feet be bent 



Fig. 303. 



Wavy -training with a single stem, 

 first stage. 



