336 



TRAINING. 



Fig. 304. 



\ 



down as in fig. 305 ; and if all the buds, as they push out, be rubbed 

 off, except the three at the end, these may be trained up in the same 

 manner as if the stem had been cut back or shortened, and afterwards 



the stem or centre may be 

 treated in the same manner 

 as the one that is cut back ; 

 the difference will then be, 

 that the centre of the tree 

 will be formed four feet on 

 one side of the root, instead 

 of being immediately over 

 it ; but as the sap will thus 

 have a space of four feet 

 of bark to pass, the tree 

 will produce its bearing 

 wood in greater abundance 

 near the stem, and fill 

 the wall more equally with 

 fruit." This idea of fer- 



A half rider trained in the wavy manner. ti % is now exploded ; but 



root-pruning, &c., enables 

 plants to fruit close down to root or stem. 



Horizontal training is in a. great measure confined to apples and 

 pears. It is but little used for stone-fruit trees. It is compatible either 

 with one or two stems, and with the upright stem either straight or in 

 a zigzag direction, to stimulate the lateral buds to develop themselves. 

 From this upright stem the branches proceed at right angles, generally 



at nine inches apart for apples, 



cherries, and plums, and from Fi S- 306 - 



ten inches to a foot or eighteen 



inches for pears. A maiden 



plant with three shoots having 



been procured, the two side 



ones are laid in horizontally, 



Illustrative of wavy- an d the centre one upright, Horizontal training, 

 traimng with a long ag in fig 30 g . 



Fig. 305. 



| 

 ~^M*iUM^ 





fifgt 



Fig. 307. 



all the budg 



being rubbed off the latter 

 but three viz., one next the top for a vertical leader, and one 

 on each side as near the top as possible, for horizontal branches. 

 In the course of the first summer after 

 planting, the shoots may be allowed to grow 

 without being stopped. In the autumn of 

 the first year the two laterals produced are 

 nailed in, and also the shoots produced from 

 the extremities of the lower laterals ; the 

 centre shoot being headed down as before, 

 as shown in fig. 307. But in the second 

 summer, when the main shoot has at- 

 tained the length of ten inches, or twelve 



Horizontal training, 

 second stage. 



