TRAINING. 



337 



inches, it may be stopped, which, if the plant is in proper vigour, 

 will cause it to throw out two horizontal branches, in addition to those 

 which were thrown out from the wood of the preceding year. The tree 

 will now be in its second 



summer, and will have 

 four horizontal branches 

 on each side of the up- 

 right stem, as in fig. 308, 

 and by persevering in 

 this system four hori- 

 zontal branches will be 

 produced in each year, 

 till the tree reaches the 

 top of the wall, when 

 the upright stem must 

 terminate in two hori- 

 zontal branches. In the 



Fig. 308. 



U 



Horizontal training, third stage. 



following autumn the tree will have the appearance of fig. 309. 



Fan-training and Horizontal-training combined. In training trees 

 horizontally, we have seen that a considerable period must elapse before 

 the wall is filled. It is alleged also that heading-down does not always 

 produce two lateral shoots, and also that it has a tendency to make the 

 shoots already 



produced grow Fig. 309. 



more rank than 

 is desirable. By 

 the following 

 method this in- 

 convenience is 

 avoided, and the 

 wall is much 

 sooner filled in 

 height with 

 shoots. Let us 

 suppose the wall 

 to be under 

 twenty feet long, 

 and that it is in- 

 tended to train 

 a pear-tree a- 



Horizontal training, fowrth year. 



gainst it ; plant the tree at one end of the wall, and then proceed as fol- 

 lows : Let the situation of the tree be at a, in fig. 310 ; stick a nail in the 

 wall at >, and another nail at c, and strike a line on the wall from b to c ; 

 then train all the shoots to one side, after the fan manner, and bend the 

 whole of the shoots into a horizontal position, as soon as they reach the 

 line that is drawn from b to c; after which continue to train them horizon- 

 tally. If the wall is from thirty to forty feet in length, plant the tree inihe 

 middle of it, as at d, in fig. 311, and proceed as follows : Stick a nail in 

 the wall in the centre, near the top, at e ; stick another nail at f, and 



z 



