THE ORANGE FAMILY. 595 



deners for its flowers, to gather for nosegays. The varieties are the 

 Horned, the Female, the Curled-leaved, the Purple, the Double-Flowered, 

 the Seville, the Myrtle-leave. d, and the Bizarre. The Curled-leaved 

 Bigarade, has small curled leaves, and thick clusters of flowers at the 

 ends of the branches ; the plant is very hardy, and it is that most gene- 

 rally cultivated in France for its flowers, and in Italy and Spain, for 

 both its flowers and its fruit. The Double-flowered Bigarade is prized 

 on account of its fragrant double flowers, which last longer than those 

 which are single. The plant requires a very rich soil. The Seville 

 Bigarade, or Seville orange of the shops, has round dark fruit, with 

 an extremely bitter rind. It is imported from Spain, and used for 

 marmalades, bitter tinctures, candied orange-peel, and for flavouring 

 Cura9oa. The Myrtle-leaved Bigarade, is said to be employed by the 

 Chinese gardeners as an edging to flower-beds, in the same way as 

 box is in this country. The Bizarre Bigarade is a lusus naturae, with 

 deformed leaves, purplish or white flowers, and fruit half Bigarades, 

 and half lemons or citrons, some having the pulp sweet, and others 

 having it acid and bitter. 



The Bergamot orange (C. Bergamia, Poit.),has small flowers and 

 pear-shaped fruit, the whole plant having a peculiar fragrance, much 

 valued by the perfumer, who obtains from the flowers and rind of the 

 fruit his bergamot essences. The rind, first dried and then moistened, 

 is pressed in moulds into small boxes for holding sweetmeats, to which 

 they communicate a bergamot flavour. There are several varieties of 

 this species. 



The Lime (C. Limetta, Poit.) has obovate leaves on a wingless stalk, 

 small white flowers, and roundish pale-yellow fruit with a nipple-like 

 termination. The leaves and general habit of the plant resemble those 

 of the lemon ; but the acid of the pulp of the fruit, instead of being 

 sharp and powerful, is flat and slightly bitter. It is principally used 

 in flavouring punch and in confectionery. Among the varieties are 

 the Porno d'Adamo, in which Adam is supposed to have left the marks 

 of his teeth. 



The Shaddock (C. decumana,W.) : The leaves are large and winged, 

 and the flowers and fruit very large and roundish ; the skin of the 

 fruit is yellow, and the rind white and spongy ; the pulp is juicy and 

 sweetish. The plant forms an excellent stock for grafting other kinds 

 upon. The fruit makes a splendid show at table, and is found cooling 

 and refreshing. It has been grown successfully on the open wall in 

 some gardens in Devonshire, with the protection of glass and mats 

 during the winter months, but without artificial heat. M. Poiteau 

 considers the "forbidden fruit" of the shops to be a variety of this 

 species, but others make it a variety of the lemon. 



The sweet Lemon (C. Lumia, Poit.) : The fruit has the leaves, the 

 rind, and the flesh of a lemon, but with a sweet pulp. There are many 

 varieties in Italy, but very few are cultivated either in France or 

 England. The flowers differ from those of the lime in being red ex- 

 ternally. 



The true Lemon (C. Limonum, Poit.) : Leaves ovate-oblong, pale- 



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