44 Colours of Animals [ch. 



form was produced (p. 349). The ratio of striped : common marked 

 white : pale unmarked white is as Shull points out (242) 12:3:1 (actually 

 1463, 363, 126). I incline to interpret this as signifying that the 12 striped 

 were in reality of two kinds, in the ratio 9 : 3, but that the distinction 

 between the common and the pale was not easy to detect in the striped 

 class. On this view the striped parent was a "pale." Shull regards the 

 paleness as " latent " in both parents. 



As regards the colour of silk there is a complication. In Toyama's 

 experiments yellow was always a dominant to white. Coutagne sometimes 

 obtained this result, but (/. c. p. 123) the white of a race called "Blanc des 

 Alpes " proved to be dominant to yellow. 



Abraxas grossulariata (Currant Moth). The type is dominant to var. 

 lacticolor {q.v.), Doncaster (iii, 1x4). See Plate I, figs, i, 2. The pecu- 

 liarities of this case are discussed in connection with Sex. 



Mr L. W. Newman has been good enough to send me information as 

 to a cross between A. grossulariata and the var. varleyata. This is a nearly 

 black suffused form (see Porritt, Ent. Rec. xv. p. 10). F^ was typical 

 grossulariata, and in F^ there were 24 typical and 7 varleyata (4 <^, 3 ? )• 



Angerona pruiiaria. The dark-banded var. sordiata dominant to the 

 normal, reticulated type. In the heterozygotes the lighter bands are 

 more or less reticulated. Doncaster (iii). See Plate I, figs. 7-10. 



Xanthorhoe ferrugata. The form with purplish band is dominant to that 

 with black band. Prout, L. B. (223). 



Hemerophila abruptaria : the dark var. may be inferred to be a dominant 

 to the type, from the experiments of Harris (147). Plate I, figs. 5, 6. 



Ai7iphidasys betularia (Peppered Moth). The normal is almost 

 certainly recessive to the black, or doubledayaria form (see, for example, the 

 records of Main and Harrison, 192). Plate I, figs. 3, 4. 



Triphaena comes \ the reddish form is recessive to the melanic (see 

 Bacot, 3, and Prout, 222). 



Callimorpha doininula : red of the hind wings is dominant to yellow. 

 Standfuss (253, b, p. 222). Mr L. W. Newman has kindly given me in- 

 formation that he bred 34 reds and 10 yellows in F^. 



Aglia tau: type is recessive to the dark form lugens. Standfuss (253, b, 

 p. 311), (see Chap, x, for the sex-distribution of these varieties). 



Lasiocampa quercus (Oak-egger). The heredity of colours of the hairs 

 of the larvae has been investigated by Bacot (4) and Warburg (302). 

 Several varieties were studied and their genetic interrelationships are not 

 altogether certain, but it appeared that red fur of var. sicula was dominant 

 to the white of the var. meridionalis. When English and French races were 

 crossed, various blend-forms were produced in F^, 



COLEOPTERA. 



Most of the observations thus far made relate to Phytophaga. Com- 

 plications were met with in all the cases investigated by Miss McCracken. 

 I have not been able clearly to understand the exact procedure followed in 

 the matings and must refer the reader to the original papers. 



