EMOTIONS. 345 



this class that we find the earliest evidence of sexual selec- 

 tion. 



Coming now to level 21, I have assigned to it the first 

 appearance of the emotions of Jealousy, Anger, and Play, 

 which unquestionably occur in Fish.* On level 23 I have 

 placed the dawn of Affection other than sexual, in view 

 of the evidence of the emotional attachment of a python 

 which was exhibited towards those who had kept it as a 

 pet.f 



On level 24 I have placed the dawn of Sympathy, seeing 

 that this emotion appears to be unquestionably, though very 

 fitfully, displayed by the Hymenoptera,$ which for other 

 reasons I have felt obliged to assign to this comparatively 

 high stage of psychological development. 



On the next level (25) I have given Emulation, Pride, 

 Kesentment, /Esthetic Love of Ornament, and Terror as dis- 

 tinguished from Fear. All these emotions, so far as I have 

 been able to ascertain, first occur in Birds ; and in this 

 class some of the emotions which I have already named as 

 occurring in lower classes, are much more highly developed. § 



Next we arrive at Grief, Hate, Cruelty, and Benevolence, 

 as first displayed in some of the more intelligent of the Mam- 

 mal ia. Grief is shown by pining, even to death, upon the 

 removal of a favourite master or companion ; Hate by per- 

 sisting resentment ; Cruelty by a cat's treatment of a mouse ;|| 

 and Benevolence by the following instances which I have 

 met with since the publication of " Animal Intelligence." 

 Writing of a domestic cat, Mr. Oswald Fitch says that it 

 " was observed to take out some fish-bones from the house to 

 the garden, and, being followed, was seen to have placed them 

 in front of a miserably thin and evidently hungry stranger 

 cat, who was devouring them ; not satisfied with that, our cat 

 returned, procured B fresh supply, and repeated its charitable 

 offer, which was apparently as gratefully accepted. This act 

 n!' benevolence over, our cat returned to its customary dining- 

 place, the scullery, and ate its own dinner off the remainder 



• Sec Animal Intelligence, \>\>. -12 17. 

 t Ibid., pp. 261-2. 

 t Tbid., ]<)>. is-!' and p. 168. 



§ Ibid., pp. 27 11 sj. Birdi are the lowest animals which I hare myself 

 ., or hare Beard "i others having teen, •<> die oi fright . 

 For instances <>f nil these facts in Mammals other than Elephants, 

 Dogs or Monkeys, see Animal ZnteUigt 



