346 MENTAL EVOLUTION IN ANIMALS. 



of the bones."* An almost precisely similar case has been 

 independently communicated to me by Dr. Allen Thomson, 

 F.R.S. The only difference was that Dr. Thomson's cat drew 

 the attention of the cook to the famishing stranger outside by 

 pulling her dress and leading her to the place. When the 

 cook supplied the hungry cat with some food, the other one 

 paraded round and round while the meal was being discussed, 

 purring loudly. One further instance of the display of bene- 

 volent feeling by a cat will suffice. Mr. H. A. Macpherson 

 writes me that in 1876 he had an old male cat and a kitten 

 aged a few months. The cat, who had long been a favourite, 

 was jealous of the kitten and " showed considerable aversion 

 to it." One day the floor of a room in the basement of the 

 house was partly taken up in order to repair some pipes. The 

 day after the boards had been replaced, the cat " entered the 

 kitchen (he lived almost wholly on the drawing-room floor 

 above), rubbed against the cook and mewed without ceasing 

 until he had engaged her attention. He then, by running to 

 and fro, drew her to the room in which the work had taken 

 place. The servant was puzzled until she heard a faint mew 

 from beneath her feet. On the boards being lifted the kitten 

 emerged safe and sound, though half-starved. The cat watched 

 the proceedings with the greatest interest until the kitten was 

 released ; but on ascertaining that it was safe he at once left 

 the room, without evincing any pleasure at its return. Nor 

 did he subsequently become really friendly with it." 



On the next level I have placed Revenge as distinguished 

 from Resentment, and Rage, as distinguished from Anger. 

 In " Animal Intelligence " I give some cases of apparent 

 vindictiveness occurring in birds ;f but as the exact nature of 

 the emotions in these cases appears to me somewhat doubtful, 

 I here disregard them, and place Revenge on the psycholo- 

 gical level which is occupied by the Elephant and Monkeys, 

 in which animals this passion is very conspicuous.^ The 

 same remarks apply to Rage, as distinguished from the less 

 violent display of hostile feeling which is suitably expressed 

 by the term Anger. 



Lastly, at level 28 we arrive at the highest products of 

 emotional development which are manifested in animal 

 psychology, and therefore at the highest of those products 



* Nature, April 19, 1883, p. 580. f Pp- 277-8. 



X Animal Intelligence, pp. 387-8 and 478. 



