402 MENTAL EVOLUTION IN ANIMALS. 



Signs, logic of, 325. 

 Skate, olfactory organs of the, 90. 

 Skylark, feigning death, 304. 



Smith, Adam, on a case of couching for cataract, 323-4. 

 Smith, Dr. Andrew, on hyaenas not burrowing in South Africa, 249. 

 Smith, P., on instinct of bees, 208. 



Smith, Col. H., on instincts of wild dogs under domestication, 232. 

 Smith, W. G., on carnivorous habits of wasps, 245. 

 Snail, memory in the, 122. 



Snake, homing faculty of the, 153-4; feigning death, 305. 

 Smell, sense of in Protista, 81 ; in sea-anemones, 83 ; in leeches, ants, and 

 crabs, 87-8 ; in Mollusca, 89 ; in Fish, Amphibia, and Reptiles, 90 ; in 

 Birds, 92; in Mammals, 92-3. 

 Snipe, sense of touch in the, 92. 

 Social feelings, in animals, 341, 344. 

 Solen Goose, eye of the, 91. 



Spalding, Douglas, on instincts of young birds and mammals, 161-5, 170-1, 

 175,213,216. ' 



Spallanzani, on sensibility of blinded bats, 94. 

 Spaniel. See Dog. 



Speech, acquirement of, by volition, 41-2. 

 Spence and Kirby. See Kirby and Spence. 



Spencer, Herbert, on evolution of nerves, 30-2; on consolidation of states 

 of consciousness, 42-3 ; on evolution of consciousness, 74-6 ; on plea- 

 sures and pains, 105-7 ; on perception, 125 ; on memory, 129-30 ; on 

 pre-perception, 139 ; on perceptive faculties arising from reflex, 140 ; on 

 ideas as faint revivals of perceptions, 142-3 ; on Fetishism in animals, 

 154-5 ; on race characteristics in psychology of man, 194 ; on evolution 

 of instinct, 256-62 ; on instincts of bees, 265. 

 Sphex, instincts of the, 179, 299-303. 

 Sphinx-moth, mistaken instinct of the, 167. 



Spider, using stones to balance web, 59; imagination in the, 146; modified 

 instincts of a, 209 ; distribution of the trap-door, 255 ; feigning death, 

 303. See Arachnid a. 

 Sprat, Surinam, eye of the, 90. 

 Squirrel, a, dying of terror, 307. 

 Star-fish. See Echinodermata. 

 Starlings, associating with rooks, 185. 

 Starling, imitating songs of other birds, 222-3. 

 St. John, on inherited tendency to bark in sporting dog?, 236. 

 Stone, S., on variation in nest-building of the missel-thrush, 182. 

 Stroud, Dr. J. W., on change of instincts produced by castration, 171-2. 

 Stuorn, on dwindling of maternal instincts of cattle, 232. 

 Sturm, on instincts of the dung-beetle, 244. 

 Sulivan, Capt., on natural tameness of feral rabbits, 196. 



Sully, J., on distinction between sensation and perception, 125; on percep- 

 tion as automatic, 126 ; on pre-perception, 139 ; on illusions of percep- 

 tion, 321-2. 

 Surinam Sprat, eye of the, 90. 

 Surprise, 341, 344. 



Swallow, plasticity and local variation of instincts of the, 210, 246-7 : migra- 

 tion of the, 296. 

 Swallows, nidification of, 210-11. 



Swainson, on mistaken instinct of the Auslralian parrot, 167. 

 Swanderdam, on instincts of beee, 106. 



