270 Profs. Percy Frankland and Marshall Ward. 



more pronounced on inverting the culture, owing to the depression 

 of the longer lower branches (fig. 7). 



At 20 C. the development is similar, bat the " root-hair " or 

 " inverted fir-tree" system and liquefaction proceed more rapidly. 



Cultivated as a streak on agar at 20 C. the development is some- 

 what like that of the streak- cultures on gelatine, except that the 

 widening streak and fimbriated offshoots which it gives off at right 

 angles (fig. 8) are of a more opaque, granulated, chalky-white 

 appearance, presenting resemblances to cotton- wool rather than to a 

 silk texture. About the third day this granulated, chalky, mould- 

 like growth has begun to develop spores in abundance, and as these 

 ripen and the filaments break up into segments, the whole assumes a 

 white pasty consistency. 



Cultivated on potato at 20 C., this schizomycete grows rapidly at 

 first, and in twenty-four hours looks like a dry, white mould spread- 

 ing over the surface. After about forty-eight hours the surface of 

 the thickish membrane formed becomes still dryer and duller in 

 appearance, and by the third day the mass looks like a slightly 

 wrinkled, powdery, rather thick, drying up pasty layer, white tinged 

 with yellow or grey. In this stage further extension ceases and 

 spores are forming, and after five or six days magnificent crops of 

 well-ripened spores are to be obtained from thesfe potato- cultures. 



In broth at 20 C., abundant flocculent growths are evident in 

 twenty to twenty-four hours, but no general turbidity. In forty- 

 eight hours a thick, dull-white, mould-like membrane is formed on 

 the surface, and flocculent cotton-wool-like masses have developed 

 below, and occasional flocks of the same kind float in the otherwise 

 clear broth. The floating membrane thickens rapidly, but the 

 submerged flocks do not develop so quickly, evidently owing to the 

 want of oxygen below the surface. As the membrane breaks up, 

 flocks fall through the liquid and increase the cottony deposit, but 

 otherwise no further change occurs up to the sixth or seventh day, 

 when all growth ceases. The liquid remains clear throughout, 

 evidently because the filaments do not break up into motile bacilli. 

 All attempts to find cilia by Loeffler's method as well as by the 

 improved form of it given by Alfred Fischer* have failed, and there 

 can be little doubt that, like anthrax and some other forms, no such 

 organs are present, common as they may be in the group of schizo- 

 mycetes generally .f 



Cultivated in milk at 20 C., no changes are visible at first, but it 

 grows slowly and gradually dissolves the casein, with an alkaline 

 reaction. The liquor becomes yellow, and copious networks of fila- 

 ments are to be found in the cream above. 



* See Pringsheim's Jahrb., 1894, p. 187. 

 t See Fischer, loc. tit. 



