Ivii 



presented his private collection of sponges and foraminifera to the 

 British Museum. 



Surgeon-Major Carter became a Fellow of the Society in 1859, 

 and in 1872 received a Royal Medal " for his long-continued and 

 valuable researches in zoology, and more especially for his enquiries 

 into the natural history of the Spongiadce" He was a corresponding 

 member of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and of 

 the Boston Society of Natural History. 



W. T. B. 



JAMES DWIGHT DANA was born on February 12, 1813, atUtica, New 

 York, U.S.A., and in his 83rd year died suddenly, from heart failure, 

 at New Haven, Connecticut, on April 14, 1895. He received his 

 early education at Bartlett Academy, Utica, while there showing 

 great interest in chemical experiments, and making frequent excur- 

 sions in search of minerals ; to the training received at this school he 

 ascribed much of the success attained by him in after life. In 1833, 

 attracted by the reputation of Professor Benjamin Silliman, he went 

 to reside at New Haven, and entered at Yale College, where he not 

 only studied classics and mathematics, but made much progress in the 

 natural sciences, especially in mineralogy and botany. His mathe- 

 matical distinction led to his appointment as instructor of mathe- 

 matics to the midshipmen of the United States Navy, and in that 

 official capacity he left New Haven, in 1833, to cruise in the Medi- 

 terranean. A visit made to Vesuvius in 1834, during this term of 

 office, led to the publication of his first paper. In 1836 he returned 

 to New Haven, and stayed there two years, acting for the greater part 

 of that time as assistant to Professor Silliman. In 1837 he published 

 the first edition of his Descriptive Mineralogy (580 pages). In the 

 following year he was appointed mineralogist and geologist to the 

 United States expedition, which sailed, under Charles Wilkes as 

 commander, on an exploring voyage round the world. The expedition 

 consisted of two sloops-of-war, a store ship, and a brig ; the voyage 

 extended over four years (1838 1842), and the scientific staff 

 included, in addition to Dana, as mineralogist and geologist, Pickering, 

 Coathouy and Peale as zoologists, Rich and Brackenridge as botanists, 

 and Hale as philologist. On the return home of one of his colleagues, 

 Dana further took upon himself the charge of the Crustacea and 

 zoophytes. 



The study of the material collected by the expedition and the pre- 

 paration of his reports occupied all the available time during the 

 next 13 years ; the first two or three years of this period were spent 

 at Washington, but after his marriage, in 1844, to Henrietta Frances, 

 third daughter of Professor Silliman, he thenceforward lived at New 

 Haven, and was closely associated in his work with Professor Silliman, 



