1 52 Dr. T. E. Thorpe and Mr. J. W. Rodger. 



formation of the structure of a metal, at a temperature so far below 

 its melting point, and, in the case of the gold-antimony and gold- 

 aluminium series, far below the melting point of the eutectic alloys, 

 in the presence of only two-tenths per cent, of a foreign body, is 

 probably not an isolated fact, and appears to open a new field for 

 research. 



<k On the Relations between the Viscosity (Internal Friction) 

 of Liquids and their Chemical Nature. Part II." By 

 T. E. THORPE, LL.D., F.R.S., and J. W. RODGER, Assoc. 

 R.C.S. Received May 27, Read June 11, 1896. 



(Abstract.) 



In tbe Bakerian Lecture for 1894 the authors gave an account of 

 their work on the viscosity of over seventy liquids, and they discussed 

 the interdependence of viscosity and chemical composition. In order 

 to render the investigation more complete, they have now made 

 measurements of the viscosity of (1) a number of esters or ethereal 

 salts, and (2) of ethers, simple and compound groups of liquids, which 

 with the exception of ethyl ether, have not hitherto been studied by 

 them. The physicochemical relationships previously established made 

 such determinations of specialjnterest, for it was shown that one of the 

 most striking of the various connexions traced between chemical con- 

 stitution and viscosity was the influence exerted by oxygen according 

 to the different modes in which it was assumed to be associated with 

 other atoms in the molecule. The influence which could be ascribed 

 to hydroxyl- oxygen differs to a most marked extent from that of 

 carbonyl-oxygen, and it appeared that ether-oxygen, or oxygen 

 linked to two carbon atoms, had also a value which differed consider- 

 ably from oxygen in other conditions. 



In the present paper the authors give the experimental values for 

 the viscosity of the ten lowest fatty esters, carefully purified samples 

 of which had been placed at their disposal by Professor Sydney 

 Young. With the help of Mr. Barnett, B.Sc., Assoc. R.C.S., they 

 have also investigated the viscosity of five fatty ethers. By the 

 kindness of the Photometric Standards Committee they have also 

 been enabled to make observaiions upon various samples of carefully 

 prepared isopentane, and they have supplemented their former 

 observations by a new series of experiments upon ethylbenzene, for a 

 sample of which they are indebted to Dr. G. L. Moody, of the City 

 and Guilds Central Institute. 



The details of the observations are given in precisely the same 

 manner as in the first paper, and formulae of the Slotte type showing 



