On the Intimate Structure of Crystals. 



281 



average effect, but in a liquid there are more factors to be inte- 

 grated. The results of the following investigation are necessarily, 

 therefore, only first approximations. 



From the numbers which we have already assigned to the relative 

 volumes of the atoms the relative density follows from the relation 

 777 1 = d, and by dividing d by the factor 1*35 we obtain the density 

 of the substance, which would be produced by the atoms, when most 

 closely packed together. Data are given in the following table: 



The researches of chemists have given us exact determinations 

 of the specific gravity of solutions of the haloid salts of the 

 alkalies, and from these we may calculate the density of the ions. 

 From the equation A/cZi, B/W 2 = 100/D, where A and B represent the 

 percentage of salt and water respectively, di and d z the density of 

 each, and D the density of the solution. The specific gravity of the 

 solutions examined will be found given in Watts' 'Dictionary of 

 Chemistry,' or Whetham's ' Solution and Electrolysis,' and need not 

 be repeated here ; they are derived from Gerlach's tables, published 

 in 1869, in the ' Zeitschrift fiir Analytische Chemie,' vol. 8, p. 245. 

 Wherever possible, I have selected for examination a solution con- 

 taining a gram-molecule of the salt to a litre of water. Making d in 

 the equation above = %, its value, as found for the different haloid 

 salts, is given in the table below : 



