86 Dr. Y. Harley. The Influence of Removal of the Large 



any urobilin reaction obtained, so that in this case as in normal dogs 

 only the large intestine formed urobilin. 



The next step in the investigation was to see the influence of diet 

 -and removal of the large intestine on the sulphates in the urine. 



In Table XXVI it is seen that on increasing the fat in the diet, as 

 the quantity of nitrogen decreases in the urine the quantity of total 

 sulphates do the same; with 12 grams of fat a dog eliminating 0*637 

 gram of sulphates, with 32 grams of fat 0-544 gram, and with 

 62 grams only 0'52 1 gram. On the other hand it is seen that this 

 steady increase in the quantity of fat accompanied by the decrease in 

 the sulphates, is not due to a diminution in the quantity of aromatic 

 sulphates, but of the alkaline sulphates, the aromatic sulphates remain- 

 ing throughout practically the same, 0'064 gram. In consequence of 

 the decrease in the alkaline sulphates the ratio A to B is decreased, so 

 if one only referred to the ratio one would believe that there was an 

 increase in the intestinal putrefaction, while on the other hand in 

 reality there is no increase ; if anything a decrease, as brought out in 

 dogs 1 and 2, where the aromatic sulphates. are not increased but, if any- 

 thing, decreased. 



In dog 3, in which the large intestine was partially removed, the 

 influence of fat in the diet on the sulphates is the same as in normal 

 dogs, and the quantity of aromatic sulphates corresponds with that 

 found in normal dogs, so that one can say that there is no increase or 

 decrease in intestinal putrefaction caused oy partial removal of the 

 large intestine. 



In dog 4 after complete removal of the large intestine it was seen 

 the quantity of total sulphates corresponds with that found in normal 

 dogs, only there is a marked decrease in the quantity of aromatic 

 sulphates to half the normal. In consequence of this the ratio is very 

 much increased, and, both by the ratio, increase, and the total decrease 

 in aromatic sulphates, one sees clearly that intestinal putrefaction is 

 very much diminished. 



In dog 5 the same is brought out, but not to such a great extent, 

 and, as is already seen, dog 5 was an exception as far as the urobilin 

 'was found to occur in the small intestine some way up. 



In conclusion we may say that this research has led to some interest- 

 Ing results. That, as far as the large intestine influences the absorp- 

 tion of food stuffs, it has no action whatever on the carbohydrates of 

 the diet, but its absence causes a marked decrease in the absorption of 

 proteids from 93 per cent, to 84 per cent. The fat, on the other hand, 

 is absorbed in practically the normal amounts, and it is found that the 

 breaking up of fat continues the same when the large intestine is absent. 

 The water of the faeces is increased in total quantity, although the 

 percentage of water increases with an increased fat diet, instead of 

 decreasing as in normal dogs. The total quantity of faeces is also 



