334 Dr. A. Lee and Prof. K. Pearson. 



\ct published, Professor Pearson has dealt with the regression equations 

 for stature and long bones as applied to a variety of races ;* Miss A. 

 Whiteley has studied the correlation of certain joints of the hand,t and 

 is investigating the correlation of the bones of the hand in a second 

 local race ; Miss C. D. Fawcett has made a long series of measurements 

 on the Xaqada skulls, and correlated their chief characters ; the present 

 memoir, on the other hand, deals with only a few characters in the 

 skull, comparing, however, the results obtained from a variety of local 

 races. 



It is thus related to Miss Fawcett's work much as Mr. Bramley- 

 Moore's to Dr. Warren's, i.e., it endeavours, by selecting a few characters 

 and testing them, to ascertain how far results obtained for one local 

 race are valid for a second. In Professor Pearson's memoir on the 

 reconstruction of the stature of prehistoric races, results obtained from 

 one local race were then extended to a great variety of other races. 

 The degree of accuracy in this procedure can only be fully ascertained 

 when the data now being collected in both English and German ana- 

 tomical institutes are available for calculation. 



The skull, however, differs very widely from the stature and long 

 bones ; for, while these have a very high degree of correlation in all 

 local races, the chief characters of the skull are very loosely correlated, 

 and such correlation as they possess varies in a remarkable manner 

 with sex and race. This was first indicated by Professor Pearson ;J 

 it has been amply illustrated in the measurements of Miss Fawcett, 

 and is confirmed in a recently published memoir by Dr. Franz Boas. 

 It may be said that this want of correlation in the parts of the skull is 

 the origin of its great importance for the anthropologist; it is the 

 source of its personal and racial individuality. But this anthropological 

 advantage is, from the standpoint of organic evolution, a great dis- 

 advantage. Cuvier introduced the conception of correlation with the 

 idea of reconstructing from a single bone the whole skeleton and even 

 the outward form of an extinct animal, but the great want of correlation 

 between the parts of the skull, and between the skull and other parts 

 of the human skeleton, renders quantitative reconstruction and this is 

 the really scientific reconstruction of one character of the skull from 

 a second, or of the skull and parts of the skeleton from each other ex- 

 tremely difficult, if not impossible, for all but a very few characters. 



Among these characters one of the most feasible to deal with, and 

 one of the most useful, is the capacity of the skull. This is correlated 

 to a fairly high degree (although to nothing like the same extent as the 

 long bones among themselves) with the maximum length and breadth, 

 with the total and auricular heights, and with the horizontal and 



* ' Phil. Trans.,' A, vol. 192, p. 169. 

 t ' Roy. Soc. Proc.,' vol. 65, p. 126. 

 J ' Phil. Trans.,' A, vol.- 187, p. 279, and ' Roy. Soc. Proc.,' voL 60, p. 495. 



