n,, ,< /. ' /' : 



From nunicrou.- oh.-ervation- in the field-. I have come to the 4 

 coiirln-ion th;it /'. <l> *fr'f"/i* i- alway- introduced at a wounded 

 surface. Kxcept in case- in which the dccav ha- proceeded to a large 

 extent, the point from which the decay >pread> i- aUvay.- indicated by 

 a \\oiuid in the epidermis and siilijacent ti lie-. Thi- ol.-ervation is 

 siip|Mirted by the failure to infect sound toots except by tir>t making 

 a small incision, and from iiiuiierous trials it would ap|ear that 

 1'. </<>//,/, ////> is ])owerles> to >et up decay unless placed in contact 

 with the |>areiichyma-cells of the cortex. Wounds caused by various 

 snails, slugs, and larva-, ly which the bacterium could gain an entrance, 

 are frequently to lie seen on the roots, and I have no doubt the 

 bacteria gain an easy entrance by this mean-. That slugs can and do 

 carry the various disease-producing organi.-m.- has l>een shown by Smith 

 in the case of the callage In-own rot by ./'/////// </<//>>//> and the 

 larva- of 1'lntin /'/v/.svW, and of the tomato In-own rot ly the larva? of 

 the Colorado hectic, (i. Wagner's e\)ierinient.s also conclusively prove- 

 that the sjMn-esof various pirasitic fungi are very commonly distributed 

 l>y snails. 



Uacterial disease (f turnips is much more common than is generally 

 recognised, and the one now descriled is often very destructive to the 

 crops, not only in the field Init in store during the winter. On 

 examining numerous specimens sent me for investigation, I speedily 

 found that what is generally known as "finger and toe" or "grub," is 

 liy no means confined to Plafmodiepfofm A/v/.W/v/. Init that many other 

 organisms, either singly or in combination, play a very imjmrtant ]>art 

 in the destruction of living tin-nips and swedes. Finger and toe is 

 everywhere so pievalent that in considering the nature of turnip 

 attack it is often too hastilv assumed that /'/. //>/>-.</>// i> the sole 

 cause of the disease, and that the other effects are merely secondary. In 

 addition to bacteria and /'/. />///'//, 1 have found the turnip and 

 swede crops to be attacked by /'//.*//////// and also by //"//////>, and it is 

 probable these do not exhaust the list of vegetable parasites for this 

 crop, I nit further research is necessary l>efore it is possible to separate 

 the various organisms and assign to each its ///'. 



LITERATURE. 



Arthur, J. C. " Baeh-riosi* of Carnations," 'Bulletin 59, 1896, Agricultural 



Experiment Station, Purdue I'tiiversitv." 

 de Bary. A. " Ueber einige Sclerotinien und Sclerotienkrankheiten," 'But. 



Zt-itung,' 1886. 



Friln-s. I^itar, 'Teehuic-al Mycology,' p. 197. 

 Kruuier. E. " Bakteriologisehe UnU>ruchungen iibcr die Xassfaule der Kartoffel- 



knollen," ' Bot. Centralblatt.' vol. 48, 1891. 

 Lafar. ' Technical Myc-ologv,' j>. 192. 

 Laurent, E. " Les maladies des plantes," ' Annales de I'lnstitut Pasteur," Dec., 



1898, vol. 13, 1899. 



