Vert'i>i-i<t<' Animals in ///'//", C'<y/W, <utd Burma. 487 



E. ./*.<'//// n ml HKI'IIHI. 



14. Assam and the hill ranges to the south, with Manipur and 



Arrakan. 



15. Upper Burma, north of about 19' N. lat. 



16. Pegu from the Arrakan Yorna to the hill ranges cast of the 



Sittang. 



17. Tenasserim as far south as the neighbourhood of Mergui. 



18. South Tenasserim, south of about 13 3 N. lat. 



19. Andaman and Nicobar Islands. 



A review of the fauna of these tracts leads to the following conclu- 

 sions : 



I. The Punjab tract differs greatly in its fauna from the Indian 

 peninsula and from all countries to the eastward, so greatly that it 

 cannot be regarded as part of the Indo-Malay or Oriental region. Of 

 terrestrial mammals, bats excluded, 30 genera are met with, of which 

 8 or 26A per cent, are not Indian, whilst of reptiles (omitting croco- 

 diles and chelonians) 46 genera occur, and of these 20 or 43 per cent, 

 are unknown further east. Of the corresponding orders of mammalia 

 46, and of reptiles SO genera occur in the Peninsula, and 24 or ~r2 per 

 cent, of the former and 57 or 64 per cent, of the latter are not found 

 in the Punjab tract. The differences would be larger but for the fact 

 that certain genera, for instance, Antilopf and Boselapkus (nilgai), are 

 found east of the Indus though not further west, and that a few Indian 

 species straggle into the Punjab area. All the genera met with in the 

 Punjab tract and wanting farther east are either Holarctic forms or 

 peculiar, but with Holarctic affinities. 



The Punjab, Sind, and Western Rajputana are in fact the eastern 

 extremity of the area known as the Eremian or Tyrrhenian or Medi- 

 terranean sub-region, generally regarded as part of the Holarctic 

 region, but by some classed as a region by itself corresponding to the 

 Sonoran in North America. 



I 1. The Himalayas above the forests and such portions of Tibet as 

 come within Indian political limits (Gilgit, Ladak, Zanskar, AT.) 

 belong to the Tibetan sub-region of the Holarctic region. Of twenty- 

 five mammalian genera hitherto recorded from Xo. 11 (the Tibetan) 

 tract, 11 or 44 per cent, are not found in the Indo-Malay region. 

 That Tibet forms a distinct mammalian sub-region has already been 

 shown in other papers.* 



III. India proper from the base of the Himalayas to Cape Comorin, 

 and from the Arabian Sea and the eastern boundary of the Punjab 

 tract to the Bay of Bengal and the hills forming the eastern limit of 

 the Gangetic alluvium, should, with the addition of the island of 



* ' Oeol. Mag.,' 1892 (3), vol. 9, p. 104 ; ' P. Z. S.,' 1893, p. 448. 



