12 Mr. K. C. Punnett. On the Composition and Variations 



girdle is not homologous throughout the members of the same species, 

 but that two-thirds of the morphological elements of the girdle are 

 capable of undergoing some process of absorption. The capability of 

 being absorbed possessed by the two outer elements of the girdle (./; 

 and z) will not, however, explain those instances where the girdle is 

 asymmetrically situated. Take for example No. 64 (Table I). On 

 one-side (fig. 5 (a) ) the girdle is pierced by the 36th and 37th nerves. 

 On the other side it is pierced only by the 37th (fig. 5 (l>) ). Now on the 

 side-fold excalation theory ^he 37th and 36th nerves should bear the 

 same relation to the three elements of the girdle. This can only be so 

 if we assume that the middle element y has been dropped out. Conse- 

 quently, in order to bring the theory into line with the different 

 .variations presented by the pelvic foramina and the nerves piercing 

 them, we must assume that any of the three postulated elements of the- 

 girdle are capable of undergoing absorption, and, as has already been 

 mentioned, we must further assume that a girdle which is pierced by 

 one nerve is not homologous with a girdle pierced by two nerves. 

 Also that a girdle pierced by one nerve is not necessarily homologous 

 with any other that is also pierced by a single nerve (ef. fig. 4 (") 

 and (c) ). 



If, on the other hand, we seek to explain such variations on the 

 migration theory we are not met with such difficulties. We may 

 assume that the pelvic girdle in one specimen is strictly homologous 

 with the girdle in any other specimen. We may suppose that the 

 presence of one or of two nerve canals is determined by the position in 

 which the " Anlage" of the girdle happens to be laid down. Thus in 

 fig. 3, if we assume, for the sake of argument, that the most caudal 

 nerve shown in each diagram is homologous, type C would result, if 

 the " Anlage " of the girdle were laid down, in the most caudal of the 

 three positions shown. If the " Anlage " be laid down a little more 

 rostrally we should get type B ; still more rostrally, and type A would 

 result. Though it is possible that there may be some ontogenetic 

 migration,* yet the facts are capable of explanation on this theory 

 without the assumption of such a process. The matter has been dis- 

 cussed by Waite ((9), p. 86), who considers that in Necturus "the 

 abnormal position of the girdle represents the development of a w.w 

 girdle at a new point." The idea there discussed is similar to that 

 given here with the exception of the new girdle. There seems to be no 

 valid reason for supposing that the girdle in all cases is not a strictly 

 homologous structure. 



VI. Variations iti the Number of Fin liuys. 



The number of fin rays is subject to some variation. In order to 

 ascertain whether there exists any correlation between the fin rays 

 * Cf. Brans (11), p. 586. 



