78 Obituary Notices of Fellows deceased. 



premolar, and the rudimentary canines. These two papers would 

 alone have made a reputation, and rewarded his patient and perse- 

 vering labours in the osteological collections of the Museum. 



About this time (1870) he published his well-known "Osteology of 

 Mammalia, " which has been so useful to every student of the subject, 

 and has done more than any other treatise to give an intelligent grasp 

 of human anatomy; the skull, spine, pelvis, and other regions are 

 treated separately, the typical form being given first, and then the 

 special peculiarities. He further added a new bone (the tympano-hyal) 

 to the well-worn subject of human anatomy. The success of this 

 accurate and well-arranged work was great. A second edition was 

 issued in November, 1876, many new features being interpolated, such 

 as those relating to the chevrotain and the muntjac. A third edition 

 followed, in 1886, with 134 illustrations, and a table of the vertebrae 

 of 350 mammals. Dr. Hans Gadow, of Cambridge, assisted him with 

 this edition. 



His busy brain and fertile pen produced other important memoirs, 

 the results of some being incorporated in the work just mentioned. 

 These included "The Development and Succession of Teeth in the 

 Armadillos," "On the Anatomy of Proteles, " together with memoirs 

 " On the Connection of the Hyoid Arch with the Cranium, " " On the 

 Pelvic and Shoulder Girdles," "On the Anatomy of ^llurus," "On the 

 Carpus of the Dog, and of the Sloths," "On the Ringed or Marbled 

 Seal and the Spotted Paradoxure, " " The Lobes of the Liver in Mam- 

 mals, " " Halitherium, " " Extinct Lemurina, " " Hycenarctos, " " Skull of 

 Rhinoceros," "On the Elephant Seal," and "On the Value of the 

 Characters of the Base of the Cranium in Carnivora. " The latter 

 paper showed that in the three great groups of the carnivores a grada- 

 tional series is formed by the tympanic bulla and the character of the 

 septum so that there were structural grounds even on this head alone 

 for the old groups of cats, dogs, and bears. His contributions to the 

 structure of the mammalia, indeed, range almost over the entire field 

 from monotremes to man, and in reading the long list of important 

 memoirs one marvels at the unflagging zeal and industry of the man 

 and the penetration and sound deduction of the philosopher. His 

 paper on the arrangement of the orders and families of existing mam- 

 malia following his contribution to the ' Encyclopaedia Britannica ' was 

 the prelude to his standard work, along with Mr. Lydekker, on the 

 Mammalia. Again, few popular works can surpass in the clear and 

 comprehensive grasp of the subject, in felicity of expression, accuracy 

 of detail, and well-chosen illustrations his treatise on the Horse (1891) 

 which he truly makes a study in Natural History. 



Besides his memoirs on the mammalia, Sir William Flower extended 

 his studies to the birds, especially during his earlier years. Thus his 

 contributions embrace an account of the "Gizzard of the Nicobar 



