Sir William Flower. 79 



Pigeon, " the " Gular Pouch of the Great Bustard, " the " Skeleton of the 

 Australian Cassowary," and "On the Substance ejected from the 

 Stomach of a Hornbill. " 



Though he did not illustrate with his own hand many of his papers, 

 Sir William was an artist of considerable ability. His beautiful 

 sketches in water-colour during the Crimean campaign were the 

 prelude to a much more extensive series made jointly by Lady Flower 

 and himself during his enforced holiday in Egypt in 1873-4. These 

 represent the most varied scenes on their route, and exhibit the accu- 

 rate touch of the artistic naturalist, especially in thei portraiture of 

 animal and tree, and in the skilful treatment of the landscape. That 

 he could, if time had permitted, have ably illustrated his own memoirs 

 is proved by a glance at his careful drawings of the brains of the apes 

 in the ' Philosophical Transactions.' 



In no department was Sir William's medical training of greater value 

 than in his studies at home and abroad in anthropology. These he pur- 

 sued with patient enthusiasm in the Museum and elsewhere for years, 

 accurately measuring and comparing thousands of specimens. As a 

 result, there appeared in June, 1880, bis important ' Catalogue of Speci- 

 mens illustrating the Osteology and Development of Vertebrate Animals 

 recent and extinct. Part I, Man.' In this laborious and accurate 

 work, he dealt with the general osteology of 'man, then with his dentf- 

 tion, and thirdly with the special osteology of man, that is, thos^ 

 variations which have become so constant as to give distinctive 

 characters to the several races. His important remarks on the 

 measurements of skulls, and his tables for calculating cranial indices, 

 nasal, orbital, and alveolar indices, all bore the imprint of scrupulous 

 exactitude. He used mustard seed and Mr. Busk's choremeter in 

 estimating cubical capacities. Before the publication of this work he 

 had given various lectures and addresses on the same subject, such as 

 "The Aborigines of Tasmania," "The Native Races of the Pacific," at 

 the Royal Institution; "The Races of Men" in November, 1878, at 

 Glasgow. Subsequently he further dealt with the subject in his 

 addresses as President of the Anthropological Section of the British 

 Association in 1881, 1884, and 1894; in his address "On the Classifi- 

 cation of the Varieties of the Human Species," at the Anniversary 

 Meeting of the Anthropological Institute in 1885, "On the Pygmy 

 Races of Men, " natives (and it may be early inhabitants) of the west 

 of Lake Albert Nyanza, and only a little over 4 feet in height, experts 

 with the bow and arrow and great elephant hunters, at the Royal 

 Institution ; and on " Fashion in Deformity " in the same place. His 

 papers on the "Size of Teeth as a character of Race," "On the 

 Osteology of the Andaman Islanders, " " On the Malicolese, " and " On 

 the Natives of the Fiji," likewise contain important contributions to 

 the subject. The same may be said of his comparatively recent paper 



