6< S. Roy. 131 



entitled the " Journal of Mental Science." He also wrote, conjointly 

 with Dr. Hack Tuke, the "Manual of Psychological Medicine;"' 

 which held the field as a text-book for many years, and passed 

 through several editions. Among other of his works may be noted 

 his many critical essays on Shakespeare's psychological and medical 

 knowledge, collected into two books; his works on habitual drunkards 

 and on criminal lunatics and their treatment. He carried on 

 Conolly's great reforms whereby lunatics became emancipated from 

 the fearful thraldom of former days. 



He was a keen sportsman and was mainly instrumental in starting 

 the Exeter and South Devon Volunteers, in 1852; the enrolment of 

 which regiment Lord Palmerston subsequently specially mentioned 

 in Parliament as the inception of the present Volunteer movement. 



In 1862, he became one of the first trio of Visitors of Chancery 

 Lunatics and so remained for 14 years. 



T. C. A. 



C. S. ROY. 18541897. 



Charles Smart Roy was a native of Arbroath. He was educated 

 in that town ; then at St. Andrews, and then in the University of 

 Edinburgh. At Edinburgh he graduated in medicine in 1875, and 

 was subsequently appointed a resident physician at the Royal 

 Infirmary in the wards of Dr. Balfour, well known as an authority 

 on valvular lesions of the heart. On completion of the term of that 

 office Roy moved to London, and there engaged in research work on the 

 contagious pleuro-pneumonia of cattle. However, on the outbreak of 

 the Turko-Servian war he volunteered for service. As Surgeon-Major 

 in the Turkish Army he was given charge of the garrison hospital 

 at Yanina in Epirus. Epirus remained untouched by the active 

 fighting of the campaign, and during his garrison leisure Roy designed 

 an instrument for recording changes in the volume of the frog's 

 heart his frog cardiometer. 



At close of the war he returned to London, and finished his 

 investigation into pleuro-pneumonia, conducting it at the Brown 

 Institution. This work is the only one by him that deals mainly 

 with anatomy. He proceeded next to Berlin. At Berlin he studied 

 pathology in Virchow's Laboratory ; but he also began, in Du Bois- 

 Reymond's Institute, an investigation into the physiology of the heart,, 

 chiefly with use of the cardiometer above alluded to. He was thus 

 one of the earliest workers in Du Bois' new Physiological Institute,, 

 where Professor Kronecker was then chief assistant. He proceeded 



