310 Obituary Notices of Fellows deceased. 



were men of fame, and a school of new men sprang up, who have 

 made their mark; but, above all, it was Gegenbaur himself who, 

 during the fourteen years which he spent at Jena, added to its fame. 

 Various Universities, in Germany, Austria and Holland, had tried to 

 attract him. Heidelberg succeeded in the autumn of 1873, Gegenbaur 

 becoming the successor of F. Arnold, his father-in-law. He remained 

 there to the end, to become one of the brightest stars in the diadem 

 of the Alma Mater Leopoldina-Carolina. 



Much trouble was implied in the adjustment of the practically new 

 Chair of Anatomy. Administrative duties in the University, later on, 

 also, his position as a Councillor of State, in addition to his normal 

 professorial work, and last, not least, his original researches, required 

 an enormous amount of labour, which could be mastered only by his 

 robust constitution, iron will, and almost entire abstinence from social 

 intercourse. As a rule he enjoyed excellent health only once, but 

 then seriously, interrupted by a severe and protracted illness in 1881, 

 after which he " felt better and more vigorous than ever." Towards 

 the close of the century he aged rapidly. He resigned his chair and 

 all his work in the spring of 1901, suffering much from creeping 

 paralysis, and he died on the 14th of June, 1903, in his 77th year. 



The outward signs of the appreciation of Gegenbaur's work were 

 many, in the shape of honorary doctor-diplomas, medals, 'decorations 

 (e.g., Pour le merite), the position of Councillor of State of the Grand 

 Duchy of Baden, and many others. On the occasion of his 70th 

 birthday many of his former pupils presented him with a " Testschrift " 

 of three big volumes. The Royal Society elected him a Foreign 

 Member in 1884, and awarded him the Copley Medal in 1896 for 

 his "pre-eminence in the science of comparative anatomy or animal 

 morphology." 



Gegenbaur's " Wanderjahre," and even the first five years in Jena, 

 were devoted, almost without exception, to the invertebrata, con- 

 cerning which he published some thirty papers, dealing chiefly with 

 coelenterates, echinoderms, molluscs, and tunicates. In 1859 appeared 

 his " Grundziige der vergleichenden Anatomic," a comprehensive work 

 on the whole animal kingdom. Then came the turning point in the 

 direction of his studies, marked by the editing of H. Rathke's lecture 

 notes on the comparative anatomy of vertebrates. The observations 

 and views of this excellent and careful morphologist had a lasting 

 influence upon Gegenbaur, who ever since, until the end, devoted 

 all his boundless energy to the 1 study of the vertebrates, without, how- 

 ever, losing touch of the invertebrates. On the contrary, he always 

 used them as a kind of' prolegomena for the elucidation of the 

 organisation of the higher phylum. 



This is not the place for the enumeration of his researches, which 



