1891.] " [Brinton. 



well defined, as they differ in all three dialects. The Changuina 

 proper helps itself out with the Spanish : umai, one ; umai-dos, two ; 

 umai-tres, three. The Guaiaca dialect has ku-e, one; ku-mat, two; 

 ku-mas, three. In both, " five" is " kill-male" a hand, which 

 corresponds to the Rama kwik-astar. 



The Rama words for "two" and " three/' puk-sak, pang-sak, 

 belong to a series of numerals which had an extensive adoption 

 by several diverse families in Guatemala and Costa Rica, and prob- 

 ably are of South American origin. They are distinctly traceable 

 to the Cuna or Darien language, in which we have, 2, pok'-ua, 

 3, pak'-ua, and these reappear in the Guatuso of Nicaragua. This 

 is evidence that the Ramas reached their island after they had 

 adopted these Cuna words. This was probably after the Conquest. 

 We know that in 1674-81, the Governor of Costa Rica, Don Juan 

 Francisco Saenz Vasquez, marched against the Changuinas on ac- 

 count of their turbulent character, and severely punished them. 

 Perhaps at this time the Ramas entered their canoes and sought 

 refuge along the coast, far to the north of their ancient seats. 



My informant adds a few words of the Cuna or San Bias language, 

 picked up by him on the coast, as follows : 



SAN BLAS. SAN BLAS. 



Man, tula, siradi. Foot, naga. 



Woman, koam. 1, kuenohikua. 



Sun, tata. 2, pogua. 



Moon, nu. '3, pagua. 



Eye, ibia. 4, pakawa. 



Ear, auar. 5, atali. 



Hand, aregena. 



Comparing this with the Vocabulario Castetlano-Cuna, of A. L. 

 Pinart (Paris, 1890), it appears to be a tolerably pure dialect of the 

 tongue. 



Mr. Siebarger also furnishes a vocabulary from the Twaka In- 

 dians. These natives live in a number of scattered hamlets about 

 the headwaters of the Tungla or Princeapula rivers. The latter 

 name is a compound of "Prinzo," the name of a tribe, and the 

 Musquito auala, river. 



From an inspection of the list, it is clear that they belong to the 

 extensive Ulva stock, as I have assigned them from previous evi- 

 dence in my classification of "The American Race." * 



* The American Race : A Linguistic Classification and Ethnographic Description of the 

 Native Tribes of North and South America (New York, 1891). 



