KEY TO THE ORDERS xi 



ttOvary inferior. 



Stamens numerous. 



Styles and stigmas united into a disl? : water-plants with endog- 



enous stems. Nymphaeaceae in Order Ranales. 



btyles distinct, or united, but not forming a disk with radiating 



stigmas : land-plants with exogenous stems 



Styles distinct. Families in Order Rosales. 



Styles united. 



Shrubs or trees not succulents : sometimes woody vines. 

 „ , Families in Order Myrtales. 



Herbs, or shrub-like or tree-like succulents. 



Order Opuntiales 

 Stamens not more than twice as many as the petals. 

 Styles wanting : stigmas sessile. 



„^ , Gunneraceae in Order Myrtales. 



Styles present. 

 Styles distinct. 



Ovules several in each cavity of the ovary : fruit a capsule 

 or a fleshy many-seeded berry. 

 Fruit, if dehiscent, valvate. Families in Order Rosales. 

 Fruit circumscissile. 



Portulacaceae in Order Chenopodiales. 

 Ovules solitary in each cavity of the ovary : fruit a drupe 

 or 2-5 more or less united achenes. Order Ammiales. 



Styles united, or single. 

 Plants without tendrils. 



Anther-sacs opening by pores. 



Vacciniaceae in Order Ericales. 

 Anther-sacs opening by slits. 



Ovules solitary in each cavity of the ovary. 



Order Ammiales. 

 Ovules several in each cavity. 

 Ovary with parietal placentae. 



Loasaceae in Order Opuntiales. 

 Ovary with central or basal placentae. 



Families in Order Myrtales. 

 Plants with tendrils. 



Herbs : fruit a pepo : leaf-blades palmately veined. 



Cucurbitaceae in Order Campanulales. 

 Shrubby vines : fruit drupaceous, separating into nut- 

 lets : leaf-blades pinnately veined. 



^^„ ^ , Frangulaceae in Order Rhamnales. 



**Petals more or less united. 

 Ovary superior. 



Stamens free from the corolla. 



Gynoecium of a single carpel. Families in Order Rosales. 



Gynoecium of several united carpels. 

 Filaments united. 



Calyx and corolla very irregular. Order Polygalales 



Calyx and corolla regular. Families in Order Ericales. 



Filaments distinct. 



Styles wanting or very short : stigma sessile. 



Aquifoliaceae in Order Sapindales. 

 Styles elongated. 



Ovary several-celled. Families in Order Ericales. 



Ovary 1-celled. Armeriaceae in Order Primulales. 



Stamens partially adnate to the corolla. 



Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla and opposite them, or 

 twice as many or more. 

 Ovary 1-celled. Order Primulales. 



Ovary several-celled. 



Upper portion of the ovaries distinct. 



^. ^ , Sedaceae in Order Rosales. 



Upper portion of the ovaries united. Order Bbenales 



Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla and alternate with them, 

 or fewer. 

 Corolla not scarious, veiny : fruit various, but not a pyxis. 

 Gynoecium of 3-6 carpels. 



Shrubs or trees : ovules and seeds few. 



Aquifoliaceae in Order Sapindales. 

 Herbs or creeping or tufted shrubby plants : ovules and seeds 

 numerous. Families in Order Polemoniales. 



Gynoecium of 2 carpels. 



Carpels distinct, except sometimes at the apex. 



„ , Order Asclepiadales. 



Carpels united. 



