148 CAEDUACEAE. 



5. LACINIARIA Hill. Typically simple-stemmed herbs -n-ith thick root- 

 stocks. Leaves alternate, often numerous: blades Harrow, entire. Heads borne 

 in spikes, racemes, panicles, or rarely in cymes. Involucre ovoid to cylindric or 

 turbinate. Corolla-throat narrow-funnelform, much longer than the slightly 

 narrower tube : lobes lanceolate. Anther-appendages entire or notched. Achene 

 short, ribbed. Pappus of many barbelate or plumose bristles. 



1. L. laevigata (Nutt.) Small. Stems 6-14 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so: 

 blades of the lower leaves narrowly linear: inner bracts of the involucre 8-9 

 mm. long: corollas 8-9 mm. long: filaments pubescent, fully l as long as the 

 anthers. — Pinelands, L. keys. — [E. K.] — Button-snakeroot. Blazing- stab. 



6. CKRYSOPSIS Nutt. Silky or woolly herbs. Leaves alternate: blades 

 narrow or broad, mostly entire. Heads solitary, or in a terminal corymb. 

 Involucres ovoid to turbinate, the bracts narrow. Kay-flowers with conspicu- 

 ous ligules. Disk-corollas with a narrow-funnelform throat. Anther-appendages 

 lanceolate. Stigmas subulate. Achenes flattened. Pappus of numerous bristles. 



1. C. Tracyi Small. Stems 3-5 dm. tall: blades of the cauline leaves narrowly 

 linear, the lower ones greatly elongate: inner bracts of the involucre 7-9 mm. 

 long, long-ciliate: ligules 9-11 mm. long. — Pinelands, L. keys. — [E. K.] — 

 Golden-aster. 



7. SOLIDAGO L. Glabrous or pubescent herbs. Leaves alternate: 

 blades various, mostly toothed. Heads relatively small, paniculate. Invo- 

 lucres turbinate or cylindric, few-several-flowered : bracts in several series, the 

 inner successively longer. Kay-flowers few: corollas with a slender tube and a 

 yellow, or rarely white, ligule. Disk-corollas with a funnelform or campanulate 

 throat and a tube nearly or quite as long: lobes lanceolate. Anthers nearly 

 or quite as long as the filaments. Stigmas mostly lanceolate. Pappus of 1 or 

 2 series of rough capillary bristles. 



1. S. Chrysopsis Small. Stems about 3 dm. tall, glabrous: blades of the cau- 

 line leaves linear and entire below, narrowly linear above, all glabrous: inner 

 bracts of the involucre linear-lanceolate, 4.5-5 mm. long, acute. — Pinelands, 

 L. keys. — [E. K.] — Goldexrod. 



8. ASTER [Tourn.] L. Perennial herbs, various in habit, or rarely 

 annual, occasionally shrubby or spinescent. Leaves alternate: blades broad or 

 narrow, often enlarged and cordate at the base, entire or toothed. Kootstock 

 usually horizontal and bearing for several years a subterminal tuft of leaves. 

 Lower, middle and upper cauline leaves often gradually transitional to each 

 other in form, often of dissimilar types. Heads with both tubular and radiate 

 flowers, either corymbed, raeemed, or panicled and borne on erect, spreading 

 or secund ultimate branchlets. Involucre hemispheric, campanulate, cylindric, 

 or turbinate: bracts imbricate in several series: the outer usually smaller or 

 shorter than the inner, and somewhat herbaceous or otherwise much modified 

 at or toward the apex. Eeceptacle flat or convex, alveolate and often delicately 

 fimbrillate. Ray-flowers pistillate, with white, pink, purple, blue, or violet 

 ligules. Disk-flowers perfect, consisting of a tubular base (the tube), swollen 

 above into a throat and 5 short lobes: disks typically yellow, usually changing 

 to red, brown, or purple. Achenes more or less flattened and nerved or ribbed. 

 Pappus-bristles usually numerous, slender, in one series or rarely in two series, 

 the tips of the inner ones sometimes thickened. — Aster. 



