154 CICHOEIACEAE. 



ligules linear to linear-oblong: disk-corollas 2 mm. long. — Pinelands and ham- 

 mocks, L. keys, L. S. keys. — [E. K.] — (Bah., Cuba, Ant.) 



25. ERECHTITES Eaf. Annual herbs. Leaves alternate: blades toothed 

 or pinnatifid. Heads corymbose or paniculate. Involucres narrow or some- 

 what swollen at the base: bracts narrow, flat. Disk-corollas with triangular- 

 lanceolate or deltoid lobes shorter than the narrow throat. Filaments longer 

 than the anthers, Achenes ribbed. Pappus of many white bristles. 



1. E. hieracifolia (L.) Eaf. Plants 2-20 dm. tall, watery: leaf -blades spatu- 

 late-oblong to lanceolate, 5-20 cm. long, coarsely toothed, incised, or pinnatifid : 

 involucres 12-15 mm. long: bracts narrowly linear: corollas 8-9 mm. long: 

 achenes about 1.5 mm. long. Waste and cultivated grounds, TJ. keys, L. keys. 

 — [E. K.] — (Bah., Cuba, Ant.) — Fireweed. 



26. EMILIA Cass. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, but 

 often mostly basal: blades entire, toothed, or lyrate-pinnatifid. Heads solitary 

 or in lax corymbs. Involucres swollen at the base : bracts in one series and 

 without accessory ones at the base. Eay-flowers wanting. Disk-corolla golden, 

 purple, or red, with a cylindric throat and a slender tube, the lobes lanceolate. 

 Filaments slender. Achenes 5-ribbed. 



1. E. sonchifolia (L.) DC. Plants mostly 1-8 dm. tall: leaf -blades rather 

 succulent, those of the lower leaves spatulate, those of the upper leaves lanceo- 

 late to linear, auricled at the base, all sinuate-dentate: heads long-peduncled : 

 involucral bracts linear, 10-12 mm. long: corollas 9-11 mm. long: achenes 4 

 mm. long. — Cultivated and waste grounds, U. keys. Nat. of the tropics. — 

 [E. K.]— (J5(?r., Bah., Cuba, Ant.) 



27. CmSIUM [Tourn.] Hill. Caulescent large herbs. Leaves alternate: 

 blades toothed, lobed, or pinnatifid, usually spiny. Heads solitary or clustered. 

 Involucre with the outer bract at least spine-tipped or spiny-margined. Fila- 

 ments mostly pubescent. Pappus of elongate capillary bristles in several 

 series. 



1. C. pinetorum Small. Stems 4-9 dm. tall, thinly pubescent: leaf-segments 

 with the terminal spines directed forward: inner bracts of the involucre 28-33 

 mm. long: corollas about 30 mm. long: anthers about as long as the filaments. 

 •—Pinelands, L. keys. — [E. K.]— (J5a7i.) — Thistle. 



Family 3. CICHOEIACEAE. Chicory Family. 



Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs, or partially woody plants. 

 Leaves alternate : blades entire, toothed, or parted. Flowers perfect, all 

 alike, borne in heads. Corolla ligulate, the 1-sided limb often 5-lobed at 

 the apex. Stigmas unappendaged. Achenes flat or terete. 



1. SONCHUS [Tourn.] L. Caulescent herbs. Leaf-blades entire, toothed, 

 or pinnatifid, sometimes spiny-margined. Heads erect. Involucre ovoid, or 

 swollen at the base. Achenes flattened. Pappus deciduous. 



1. S. oleraceus L. Stems 1-18 dm. tall: leaf -blades lyrate-pinnatifid or 

 runcinate, with soft-tipped teeth: achenes 2.5-3 mm. long, scarcely margined, 

 striate and transverse-wrinkled. — Pinelands and waste grounds. Nat. of Eu. — 

 U. S. keys, U. keys, L. keys, L. S. keys.— [E. K.]— (JBer., Bah., Cuba, Ant.)— 

 Sow-thistle. 



